腐熟紫茎泽兰对土壤细菌、养分和辣椒产量品质的影响

Effect of composted Ageratina adenophora on soil bacteria, nutrients, and pepper yield and quality

摘要:

[目的]紫茎泽兰（Ageratina adenophora）内含对微生物、植物和动物有毒的化学物质，列为我国危害最严重的外侵植物，评价腐熟紫茎泽兰对土壤微生物和作物的毒性，有益于无害化处理生产有机肥。[方法]利用微生物菌剂腐熟紫茎泽兰，田间设置不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（CF）、单施紫茎泽兰有机肥（OF）、化肥配施紫茎泽兰有机肥（50%化肥+50%紫茎泽兰有机肥，CF+OF）等4种施肥处理，研究了紫茎泽兰有机肥对土壤细菌、养分和辣椒产量品质等的影响。[结果]在施用OF的土壤中，微生物碳氮高于CF、OF和CF+OF提高细菌群落的多样性指数，CF增加优势度指数。在4种施肥处理的土壤中，酸杆菌门和变形菌门均为优势门类，丰富度合计超过50%；在20种优势菌株中，有7株细菌普遍存在，6-8株细菌单独存在于不同处理土壤中。此外，在辣椒初果期，CF土壤中的有效养分含量较高；但至末果期，CF+OF处理的有效磷钾显著高于CF，碱解氮CF+OF与CF相似。施用CF+OF使辣椒吸收了较多的氮、磷、钾，辣椒产量比CF增加14.42%，并使果实游离氨基酸和维生素C含量提高，硝酸盐含量降低。[结论]紫茎泽兰有机肥兼具供肥改土作用，能提高土壤微生物生物量，丰富土壤细菌种群，增加辣椒产量，改善果实品质。

Abstract:

[Objective] Ageratina adenophora, a most harmful invasive plant in China, contains many toxicants to animals, plants and microbes. To understand the toxicity of its decomposed materials by microbial inoculants to soil microbes and plants is beneficial to produce organic fertilizer (OF).[Methods] A field experiment, including the control (CK), sole chemical fertilizer (CF), pure OF, and combination of CF and OF (CF+OF), was conducted to study the effect of OF on soil bacteria, and yield and quality of pepper.[Results] Providing soil with OF resulted in higher microbial biomass than CF. Both OF and CF+OF increased bacterial community indexes in contrast to CF that increased microbial dominant index in soils. Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria accounted for more than 50% of the total bacteria in each soil examined. Among top 20 predominant bacteria, 7 were ubiquitous in all studied soils and 6 to 8 were unique in each soil. Furthermore, there were higher nutrient concentrations in the soil supplied with CF in early fruit stage, whereas that with CF+OF contained higher available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium than CF, and alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen was similar in late fruit period. Pepper plants fertilized with CF+OF absorbed more nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, produced 14.4% more fruits than CF and improved pepper fruit quality.[Conclusion] OF application enriched soil bacterial groups, increased soil microbial biomass, and pepper fruit yield and quality. Organic fertilizer made from A. adenophora improves soils for pepper plants.