洞穴微生物组:已知与未知

Cave microbiomes: the known and the unknown

摘要:

洞穴是由于岩石受到溶蚀或火山岩浆冷却形成的地下空间和通道。洞穴遍布世界各地，蕴藏着大量的微生物资源。洞穴内黑暗潮湿，温度相对稳定，营养比较贫瘠，是一种极端的生态系统，存在着高度特异性的洞穴微生物。对洞穴微生物组的研究，有助于认知洞穴微生物群体结构、组成及其地理学分布，加深对洞穴生态系统的理解，并为保护和开发洞穴资源提供指导。本文主要介绍了洞穴微生物组的研究方法，总结分析了洞穴微生物的研究进展，并着重阐述了含特殊化合物成分的洞穴中化能自养的特色微生物组。

Abstract:

Caves are subsurface spaces and tunnels formed by the dissolution of rocks or during the cooling process of lava. Caves spread all over the world, containing a large amount of microbial resources. Being dark and humid, with relatively stable temperature and poor nutrition, and as a kind of extreme ecosystem, caves maintain highly specialized microbiomes. Study of cave microbial communities revealed its structure and function, facilitated the understanding of geographic distribution of cave microbiomes, deepened the understanding of subterranean ecosystems, and provided guidance for cave painting protection and microbial outbreak inhibition. This paper summarizes research techniques and progresses of cave microbiomes, as well as the characteristic chemoautotrophic microbiomes in caves.