微生物组学对植物病害微生物防治研究的启示

Enlightenment from microbiome research towards biocontrol of plant disease

摘要:

植物病害的微生物防治研究主要集中在植物、病原菌和生防菌三者的互作关系上，相对忽视了植物微生物组/群的作用。越来越多的研究表明，植物内生微生物、根围土壤微生物和叶围微生物均不同程度地参与了植物防病的机制。为了更好地了解相关进展，本文选择部分代表性研究，详述了植物微生物组/群的构成，并结合案例介绍了植物微生物组/群对寄主植物的防/致病作用、对植物病原菌致病性的影响，以及施用生防菌对植物微生物组/群的影响。微生物组学的发展为生防机制领域提出了新的研究思路，有利于发现更加科学的防治手段。

关键词:微生物组;植物病害;微生物防治

Abstract:

Studies on biocontrol of plant diseases mainly focus on interactions among plant, pathogen, and biocontrol agents (BCAs), but ignore the role of associated microbiome of plants. Increasing numbers of studies have revealed the essential roles of plant endophytes, rhizosphere microbiota and phylloplane microflora in resistance to plant diseases. Basing on selected representative reports, we reviewed the composition of plant microbiome, its anti-pathogenic and pathogenic effects for plants, and its effect on pathogenicity of phytopathogen as well as the effect of BCAs on native microbiome. Progress in microbiome researches provides novel perspectives toward plant diseases and biological control, which will help to develop more scientific methods for plant disease management.

Key words:microbiome;plant disease;microbial biocontrol