碳水化合物结合结构域研究进展

Carbohydrate-binding modules:assisted polysaccharide recognition

摘要:

糖类是自然界数量最多的一类有机化合物，生物对其降解利用是最重要的反应之一。碳水化合物酶是具有降解、修饰和生成糖苷键功能的一大类酶。由于高分子糖类可溶性低，其糖苷键难以触及，因此其被酶作用的效率相对较低。碳水化合物结合结构域能特异性结合多糖底物，对提升糖类底物的酶催化效率起着关键的作用。本文从碳水化合物结合结构域的家族类型、结构类型、结构与功能关系以及与催化结构域的关系几个方面进行了综述，对阐明碳水化合物结合结构域与碳水化合物识别机制，进而将其广泛应用于生物和医疗领域具有重要意义。

Abstract:

In nature, the biological degradation of carbohydrates is one of the most important reactions. Carbohydrate-active enzymes are enzymes involved in the synthesis, degradation and modification of carbohydrates. Due to the insolubility of some high-molecular weight polysaccharide substrates, the catalytic efficiency of some carbohydrate-active enzymes is low. Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM) specifically bind carbohydrate substrates and improve the catalytic efficiency of carbohydrate-active enzymes by elevating the substrate concentrations around the catalytic modules. This review summarizes the knowledge of CBM, including their nomenclature and classification, the relationship between CBM structures and functions, and so on. Furthermore, some applications of CBM in biological and medical engineering are also presented.