CRISPR/Cas工具——分子遗传研究的新刃

CRISPR/Cas——a new tool for molecular genetic research

摘要:

遗传与变异体现着生命之美和生命之奥妙，前人在不断探求的过程中逐渐形成了严谨的体系和科学的方法——遗传学。在遗传学的研究中基因编辑工具的作用是不可或缺的，近年来发现的CRISPR/Cas系统作为基因编辑工具箱中的新刃，以其特异性强、靶向性好、适用性广的特点迅速成为广大科研工作者研究和开发的热点。并且，在探索生命暗物质的过程中，会有更多的新的CRISPR/Cas系统被发现并应用在遗传研究等领域。为此，本文综述目前CRISPR/Cas系统的最新研究进展，力图从其系统多样性、分子工作机制及遗传研究应用等方面，为广大科研工作者提供一个系统了解CRISPR/Cas系统及其研究现状的窗口，以期为该领域的研究与应用提供一些有益的参考。

关键词:CRISPR/Cas;基因编辑;基因调控;表观遗传学

Abstract:

Heredity and variation embody the beauty and mystery of life. In the process of continuous exploration, researchers have established genetics that is full of rigorous systematic and scientific methods. It is generally known that gene editing tools are indispensable in the study of genetics. CRISPR/Cas discovered in recent years as a new gene editing toolbox, has many characteristics, such as strong specificity and target ability, and become a hot spot of research and development. Here, we review the latest progress of CRISPR/Cas system including diversity, molecular mechanism and application.

Key words:CRISPR/Cas;gene editing;gene regulation;genetics epigenetics