奶牛粪酸臭成分降解过程中的微生物群落变化

Microbial removal of acidic components in cow manure

摘要:

[目的]研究可降解成年泌乳奶牛粪中主要酸臭物的微生物群落的组成及动态变化。[方法]利用牛粪堆肥环境中的微生物进行了发酵优化、菌种驯化以及酸臭有机物降解规律的研究，结合rDNA高通量测序技术对有益微生物的组成及相对生物量进行了分析。[结果]实验发现，奶牛排泄物中的臭味来源主要为短链有机酸，堆肥自然环境中的微生物可以有效地对有机酸等污染物进行去除，经从低到高浓度的有机酸臭物（W/V，0.1%–0.2%）驯化发酵后，培养物中原核微生物以芽孢杆菌居多，而真核微生物主要由红曲霉及粉状毕赤酵母组成。[结论]进一步推测这几种微生物是耐受并降解有机酸臭物的优势微生物，可以应用于奶牛养殖过程中酸臭排泄物的生物控制。

Abstract:

[Objective] Composition and concentration of organic pollutants in cow dung were determined, which were then supplemented in the media for growth and decomposing studies using microbial community in native cow dung fermenting environment.[Methods] Fermentation optimization, strain acclimation, organic acid foulants degradation and rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology were applied to analyze the microbial diversity and relative biomass of beneficial microorganisms in samples and cultures.[Results] The odor in dairy waste was mainly due to short-chain organic acids, and the microbe in cow dung fermenting environment could biodegrade pollutants after experiencing an adaptive lagging phase. The microbial diversity of enrichment culture grown in high concentration of organic acid foulants (W/V, 0.1% to 0.2%) was also investigated. Prokaryotic species predominantly belong to Bacillus or Paenibacillus, and the preponderant fungi are Monascus fuliginosus and Pichia farinose.[Conclusion] These isolated microorganisms can be further exploited for odors removing treatment in cow breeding industry.