硫氧化细菌的种类及硫氧化途径的研究进展

Advances in sulfur-oxidizing bacterial taxa and their sulfur oxidation pathways

摘要:

硫，作为生物必需的大量营养元素之一，参与了细胞的能量代谢与蛋白质、维生素和抗生素等物质代谢。自然界中，硫以多种化学形态存在，包括单质硫、还原性硫化物、硫酸盐和含硫有机物。硫氧化是硫元素生物地球化学循环的重要组成部分，通常是指单质硫或还原性硫化物被微生物氧化的过程。硫氧化细菌种类繁多，其硫氧化相关基因、酶和途径也多种多样。近几年，相关方面的研究已取得很多进展，但在不同层面仍存在一些尚未解决的科学问题。本文主要围绕硫氧化细菌的种类及硫氧化途径的研究进展进行了综述。

Abstract:

Sulfur, as an essential element for organisms, is involved in cell energy and substance metabolism, i.e. protein, vitamins, antibiotics. In nature, sulfur exists in multiple valence states, represented respectively by element sulfur, reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (RISC) and sulfate as well as sulfur-containing organics. Sulfur oxidation is of significance in the biogeochemical sulfur cycle, which refers to the oxidation process of element sulfur and RISC by various microorganisms. Among sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are highly diverse, and their genes, enzymes and pathways of sulfur oxidation are varied. In recent years, significant progresses have been gained in many aspects, but some important issues at different levels still need to be solved. In this paper, we summarized the progresses of sulfur-oxidizing bacterial taxa and their sulfur oxidation pathways.