古菌在红树林沉积物中的多样性及其碳代谢机制

Archaea diversity and carbon metabolism in mangrove sediments

摘要:

红树林湿地生态系统具有维持生物多样性、净化环境及维持海岸带生态平衡等多种功能。古菌普遍存在于红树林沉积物中，在元素的生物地球化学循环中发挥着重要作用。古菌具有丰富的碳代谢多样性，能固定CO₂，参与甲烷循环，产乙酸，降解蛋白质、多聚碳水化合物等有机质，但目前对于红树林沉积物中古菌碳代谢的研究才刚刚起步。高通量测序技术的快速发展促进了大量新的古菌门类的发现，这些新的古菌门类具备多样的碳代谢潜力。本文简要概述古菌的主要类群与分布，综述国内外有关古菌碳代谢多样性的最新研究进展，并阐明这些古菌在红树林生态系统中的生态分布和功能特征，为进一步探究古菌代谢机制提供知识基础。

Abstract:

Mangrove ecosystem is indispensable in maintaining biodiversity and removing pollutants to keep the ecological balance of coastal zone. Archaea, ubiquitous in mangrove sediments, play an important role in the biogeochemical cycles of elements. Archaea possess carbon metabolic versatility by fixing CO₂, participating in the methane cycle, producing acetic acid, and degrading proteins, carbohydrates and other organic matter. However, knowledge about metabolism of archaea in mangrove sediments is still lacking. Rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology has promoted the discovery of a variety of new archaea phyla, indicating various metabolic potentials in carbon metabolism. This review briefly outlined the main phyla of archaea and their geographical distribution, summarized the latest advances on understanding of carbon metabolic versatility by archaea, and highlighted the ecological patterns and functional traits of these archaea in mangrove ecosystems, providing a foundation for further research on the more detailed metabolic mechanisms of archaea.