滨海湿地生态系统微生物驱动的氮循环研究进展

Microbially-driven nitrogen cycling in coastal ecosystems

摘要:

滨海湿地生态系统介于陆地生态系统和海洋生态系统之间，其类型多种多样，环境差异极大，微生物种类丰富。近年来，随着人为氮源的大量输入，造成滨海湿地生态系统富营养化污染问题日趋严重。本文主要总结了滨海湿地生态系统微生物驱动的固氮、硝化、反硝化、厌氧氨氧化、NO₃^-等主要氮循环过程，并综述了通过功能基因（如nifH、amoA、hzo、nirS、nirK、nrfA）检测微生物群落多样性及其环境影响因素的相关研究，旨在更好理解微生物驱动氮循环过程以去除氮，以期为减轻富营养化和危害性藻类爆发提供科学依据。

关键词:滨海湿地生态系统;氮循环;固氮;硝化;反硝化;厌氧氨氧化;NO₃^-

Abstract:

Coastal wetlands are ecosystems between terrestrial and marine ecosystems, which are highly diverse and also result in highly diverse microbial communities. In the last several decades, an increasing nitrogen load into coastal wetland ecosystems causes serious environmental problems such as eutrophication, and harmful algal blooms. Here we review the microbial communities involved in nitrogen cycling processes, such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium processes, and their key functional genes including nifH, amoA, hzo, nirK, nirS and nrfA as well as related environmental factors to further understand the microbially-driven nitrogen cycling processes for potentially removing nitrogen to mitigate eutrophication and harmful algal blooms.

Key words:coastal ecosystems;nitrogen cycling;nitrogen fixation;nitrification;denitrification;anaerobic ammonium oxidation;dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA)