页岩气开采与深地微生物的相互影响

Shale gas extraction and deep subsurface microorganisms interactions

摘要:

页岩气是一种特殊的天然气聚集，以吸附或游离状态存在于页岩之中。页岩气资源储量丰富，约占全球天然气能源的三分之一，主要分布在中国、北美、俄罗斯等国家和地区。页岩气开采所使用的水力压裂技术会对深地微生物产生显著影响，在水力压裂的不同阶段，微生物群落组成存在明显差异。其中，产甲烷菌能够提高页岩气的产量，而产酸细菌会造成设备腐蚀，降低页岩气的回收效率。本文概述了页岩气的开采现状、开采过程以及微生物种群的变化和潜在影响，以期促进页岩气开采与深地微生物相互影响的研究，最终推动页岩气的绿色、高效开采。

Abstract:

Shale gas is the natural gas locked within the shale formation. It is estimated that 1/3 of natural gas is shale gas. Shale gas is found mainly in China, North America, and Russia. Hydraulic fracturing is a commonly used method to recover shale gas, which affects greatly on deep subsurface microorganisms. The microbial communities vary at different stages of hydraulic fracturing. Among them, methanogen may improve shale gas production, while the acid-producing bacteria that could corrode the equipment, may lower the gas production. With the aim of studying shale gas extraction and deep subsurface microbial interactions as well as improving extracting shale gas, this review focuses on current understandings of shale gas extraction and its impacts on deep subsurface microorganisms.