偏肺病毒G蛋白:一个多变蛋白的多重角色

The G protein of metapneumovirus: a variable protein with multiple roles

摘要:

偏肺病毒包括人偏肺病毒和禽偏肺病毒，是感染人和禽的一种重要病原。G蛋白是偏肺病毒粒子表面的一种糖蛋白，属II型跨膜蛋白。不同种偏肺病毒G蛋白的大小和同源性差异巨大，发挥的生物学功能也显著不同，如在病毒的吸附过程、病毒介导的细胞融合、对病毒在体内外的复制能力影响以及免疫保护作用都有很大不同。同时，偏肺病毒G蛋白在免疫抑制和免疫逃避中也起着重要作用。目前国内开展的相关研究较少，本文对偏肺病毒G蛋白的最新研究成果和进展进行了综述和讨论，并对未来的相关研究进行了展望。

Abstract:

Metapneumovirus, including human metapneumovirus and avian metapneumovirus, is an important pathogen in human and avian infections. The attachment protein is one type of glycoprotein on the surface of metapneumovirus particles, which belongs to type Ⅱ transmembrane protein. Compared with other paramyxoviruses, the length of the amino acid sequence, the homology and the biological functions (such as the attachment of the virus, the mediation of cell fusion, the influence of viral replication in cell culture and in vivo, and the immuno-protective effect) of the G proteins of metapneumovirus are different. Meanwhile, the G protein of metapneumovirus plays an important role in immunosuppression and immune evasion. At present, few related research has been carried out in China. The aim of this paper is to review and discuss the latest research and progress in the study of the attachment proteins of metapneumoviruses. The future research direction is prospected.