对虾等甲壳类动物肠道与血淋巴菌群的组成、功能与动态平衡调控

The gut and hemolymph microbiotas of crustacean,composition,functions and homeostatic regulation

摘要:

对虾等甲壳类动物体内存在2个菌群：肠道菌群和血淋巴菌群。肠道菌群的种类和数量较多，而血淋巴菌群较少。两种菌群均包含益生菌和致病菌，在宿主体内代谢、营养和免疫反应中发挥重要功能。肠道菌群动态平衡的调控主要通过双氧化酶产生的活性氧来完成；血淋巴菌群通过C-型凝集素调控的抗菌肽表达及酚氧化酶原激活系统来维持其动态平衡。阐明对虾等甲壳类体内菌群的组成、功能和动态平衡调控的机理，可以为对虾等经济甲壳类健康养殖的微生态制剂开发和疾病控制提供指导。

关键词:体内菌群;动态平衡;活性氧;抗菌肽;甲壳类

Abstract:

Two microbiotas were identified in shrimp and other crustaceans, gut and hemolymph microbiaotas. The microbe species and number of gut microbiota are much more than that in hemolymph microbiota. They all contain probiotic and pathogenic bacteria in the two microbiotas. The gut and hemolymph microbiaotas have important functions in host metabolism, nutrition and organic development and immune responses. Different regulation mechanisms were identified in shrimp for homeostasis of gut and hemolymph microbiaotas. The reactive oxygen species produced by dual oxidases is mainly involved in homeostatic regulation of gut microbiota; and antimicrobial peptides regulated by a C-type lectin and prophenoloxidase activating system are related to homeostatic regulation of hemolymph microbiota. The studies of composition, functions and homeostatic regulation of microbiotas in shrimp are beneficial for healthy aquaculture of shrimp and other economic crustaceans.

Key words:microbiota in vivo;homeostatic regulation;reactive oxygen species;antimicrobial peptides;crustacean