昆虫肠道的宏基因组学:微生物大数据的新疆界

Metagenomics of insect gut: new borders of microbial big data

摘要:

微生物作为自然界中普遍存在的生命体，通常以“微生物群落”的形式共存。这些物种相互协作适应环境变化的同时，也对环境产生了长期而深刻的影响。随着人类对于微生物了解的深入，微生物群落基础研究及其在健康和环境等领域的应用研究日益重要。昆虫肠道内存在种类繁多、数量庞大的微生物，一方面，这些肠道微生物种群结构的多样性与昆虫种类、龄期、消化道形式、食物的来源、环境等都息息相关。另一方面，这些菌群也对宿主的一些生理活动有着一定的影响。随着高通量测序技术、组学技术的发展，昆虫肠道宏基因组大数据挖掘和应用已经成为研究热点，极大地推动人类微生物资源利用的能力。本文概述了昆虫肠道微生物宏基因组学的发展现状和发展趋势，特别是肠道宏基因组学大数据的挖掘工具和应用，以及现阶段昆虫肠道宏基因组学的研究进展、应用、优势和瓶颈，并对今后昆虫肠道微生物组大数据研究方向进行展望。

Abstract:

Microbes, the ubiquitous organisms in nature, usually live in the "microbial community". A microbial community usually contains tens to thousands of different microorganisms, where they cooperate with each other to adapt to changes in the environment to complete the evolution of life, while their life activities also have a long and profound impact on the environment. With a better understanding of microorganisms, basic research on microbial community and its application in the field of health and the environment is increasingly important. There are a large number and a wide variety of microbes in the intestine of insects. On the one hand, the diversity of these intestinal microbial populations is closely related to insect species, age, digestive tract form, food source and environment. On the other hand, these microflora also have some effect on the host's physiological activities. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology and omics technology, the use of molecular biology technology to quickly, qualitatively and quantitatively study insect intestinal microbes has become a popular filed. Data mining and application on insect intestine metagenome will greatly promote our ability to use microbial resources. This paper summarizes the development of metagenomics of insect intestinal, especially the excavation tools and applications of large data of intestinal genome and the research progress, application, advantages, as well as bottlenecks of metagenomics in insect intestine. The future research direction of insect microbial population is also forecasted.