早期灌喂母源粪菌对新生仔猪肠道菌群发育的影响

Effect of oral feeding maternal fecal microbiota on intestinal microbiota development of newborn piglets

摘要:

[目的]粪菌移植（fecal microbiota transplantation，FMT）作为一种治疗手段，已在人类肠道疾病治疗中有较多应用，但在干预新生仔猪肠道菌群上的研究未见报道。本文旨在研究早期母源粪菌移植对新生仔猪肠道菌群发育的影响。[方法]选取一窝12头杜长大新生仔猪，随机分为粪菌处理组（feces treatment，FT）和对照组（control，CO）。FT组仔猪出生后1-5 d每日灌注母源粪菌接种液，CO组灌注等量生理盐水。于1、3、5、7、10、14、18和22日龄采集仔猪粪样，Miseq高通量测序分析仔猪粪便菌群。[结果]灌喂母源粪菌有增加仔猪肠道菌群丰富度的趋势；主坐标分析显示，两组仔猪粪样菌群结构簇并未分开，并在18和22日龄时靠近母猪粪样菌群结构簇；随日龄增加，两组仔猪肠道中的变形菌门丰度均显著降低，而厚壁菌门的丰度显著增加，且从10日龄起拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门之和约为90%；与对照组相比，灌喂母源粪菌增加了10日龄时Escherichia-Shigella的丰度，而降低了18日龄时该菌属的丰富度，18日龄时肠球菌属和普氏菌属的丰度则显著增加。[结论]1-3日龄口服灌喂母源粪菌液并不能影响仔猪肠道菌群的定殖，这一阶段主要受母体微生物结构的影响；灌喂粪菌液对仔猪肠道菌群定殖的影响最多持续10-14 d；而且仔猪在22 d左右，肠道菌群结构逐渐趋同于母猪肠道菌群。

Abstract:

[Objective] Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used in human intestinal disease, however, information on the use of FMT in newborn piglets is still limited. In this work, we investigated the effects of oral feeding maternal fecal intervention on the development of intestinal microbiota in newborn piglets. [Methods] Twelve Duroc×Landrace×Large piglets from the same litter were randomly divided into the feces treatment and control groups. Each piglet in the feces treatment group was fed with 3 mL fecal inoculation solution at the ages of 1 to 5 days. Piglets in the control group were treated with equivalent saline. Piglets' fecal sample was collected at the ages of 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18 and 22 days for the microbiota analysis by Miseq sequencing. [Results] Oral administration of maternal fecal fluid increased the diversity of gut microbiota in piglets. Principal coordinate analysis showed that the bacterial clusterings from two groups were not separated completely, and the two clusterings from 18-and 22-d piglets closed to the samples of sows. With the growth of piglets, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was decreased significantly (P<0.05), while Bacteroidetes gradually became one of the predominant phyla. FMT significantly increased the relative abundance of genus Escherichia-Shigella in piglets' fecal samples on day 10, but decreased the abundance of this genus on day 18. The relative abundance of Enterococcus and Prevotella in the feces treatment group was significantly higher than those in the control group on day 18. [Conclusion] During the first 3 days after birth, oral administration of maternal fecal microbes had low effect on the intestinal microbial structure in piglets. The impact of oral maternal fecal solution on intestinal microbial colonization of piglets lasted for a maximum of 10 to 14 days. And the microbial community of piglets was close to the sows' at the age of 22 days.