肠道微生物组与宿主的表观遗传修饰

Epigenetic regulation role of gut microbiome in host

摘要:

高通量测序技术已经增加了人们对肠道微生物组和表观遗传学修饰的理解，将肠道微生物组和宿主表观遗传学修饰紧密联系起来，阐明了很多疾病的发生过程如免疫、代谢、心血管疾病甚至是癌症。肠道微生物组与宿主具有相互作用，与人体密不可分，相辅相成。肠道微生物组的生态失调可能诱导疾病的发生并能调控宿主表观遗传学修饰。宿主表观遗传学调控和肠道微生物组（或其代谢产物）变化的相互关系在很多疾病中都有报道。因此，肠道微生物组可作为某些疾病的诊断标记，健康肠道微生物组的移植会逆转这种微生态失调，可作为一种有效的治疗策略。本文主要探讨了肠道微生物组直接调控宿主表观修饰和通过小分子生物活性物质和其他酶辅因子间接影响表观修饰，以及基于肠道微生物组调控宿主表观修饰的诊断和治疗应用等。

关键词:肠道微生物组;表观遗传修饰;代谢产物;调控基因表达

Abstract:

High-throughput sequencing technology has enhanced our understanding of gut microbiome and epigenetic modification, establishing the potential links between gut microbiome and epigenetic modification of host. It illuminates the development of a lot of diseases such as immune-related, metabolic, cardiovascular diseases and even cancer. Intestinal microbiome that is inseparable from human body interacts with host cells. Dysbiosis of gut microbiome may influence the status of epigenome from host. Indeed, the relationship between epigenetic regulation of host and variation of gut microbiome and its metabolites was reported responding for many diseases. Therefore, the gut microbiome could function as a diagnostic marker for certain diseases. The transplantation of healthy intestinal microbiome would re-balance dysbiosis and serve as an effective treatment strategy. Here, we gave a comprehensive introduction about how gut microbiome played direct roles in epigenetic modulation of host cells, and its indirect impact on epigenetic modification mainly through metabolites like bioactive low-molecular-weight substances and other enzymatic cofactors. Additionally, we talked about the great potentials and applied value of gut microbiome in diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.

Key words:gut microbiome;epigenetic modification;metabolite;regulation of gene expression