牙菌斑生物膜的形成与控制

Formation and control of dental plaque biofilm

摘要:

牙菌斑生物膜是附着于牙釉质表面，由复杂的微生物群落构成的一种聚集体。牙菌斑生物膜的形成与生长对口腔健康有着直接或间接的影响，许多研究证实口腔疾病如龋齿和牙周病都与细菌的积累及牙菌斑的形成有关。在牙菌斑生物膜形态建成过程中，牙齿表面最初的定殖菌对生物膜的微生物组成和结构至关重要，这些初级定殖菌决定了后续与之结合形成共生体的微生物种类和数量。不同的微生物组成可能在与生物膜形成相关的口腔病理状况中发挥不同的作用。因此，本文就牙菌斑生物膜的生长及控制进行综述，介绍其微生物的早期定殖和成熟过程、以及通过物理和化学方法对牙菌斑生物膜的控制，以期为了解牙菌斑生物膜的形成机制及相关口腔疾病的预防和治疗提供有价值的参考。

关键词:微生物;牙菌斑;生物膜;龋病;牙周病

Abstract:

A plaque biofilm is an aggregate of complex microbial communities attached to the enamel surface. The formation and growth of plaque biofilms have a direct or indirect impact on oral health. Many studies have confirmed that oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontal diseases are related to the accumulation of bacteria and the formation of plaque. During the formation of plaque biofilms, the initial colonization of bacteria on the surface of the tooth is crucial for the biofilm composition and structure of the microorganisms. These primary colonization bacteria determine the type and numbert of microorganisms with which subsequent symbionts are formed. Different microbial constituents may play different roles in oral pathological conditions associated with biofilm formation. Therefore, in this paper, the growth and control of dental plaque biofilm in human oral cavities were reviewed, and the early colonization and maturation process of the biofilm and the control of dental plaque biofilm through physical and chemical methods were introduced. These contents may provide valuable information to study the formation mechanism of plaque biofilm and related oral diseases prevention and treatment.

Key words:microorganism;dental plaque;biofilm;caries;periodontal disease