微藻-细菌共生体系在废水处理中的应用

Application of microalgae-bacteria symbiosis system in wastewater treatment

摘要:

在微藻-细菌协同共生的过程中，藻类光合作用释放的氧气被异养微生物利用来矿化水体中的污染物，细菌呼吸为藻类提供二氧化碳作为碳源。近年来，藻类-细菌协同共生体系在污水处理中的应用得到了广泛的研究。本文重点综述了菌藻协同共生体系中微藻与细菌之间的三种相互作用，以及菌藻协同共生体系在废水处理中的应用。菌藻协同共生体系中的微藻与细菌通过营养交换、信号转导及基因转移等相互作用实现共赢。该体系广泛用于处理富营养化、重金属、药物、多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons，PAHs）、石油烃化合物等难降解的有机污染的水体。对于氮、磷等营养物质的去除，其主要机理涉及同化作用、厌氧氨氧化作用、硝化与反硝化作用、磷酸化作用等。对重金属、药物、石油烃化合物及其他有机化合物的去除机制主要是生物吸附、生物富集及细胞内外的生物降解。

Abstract:

Microalgae play a key role in diverse marine ecosystem, and they also naturally coexist with a large variety of other microorganisms. In this symbiosis, O₂ released by algal photosynthesis is utilized by aerobicheterotrophic bacteria to mineralize organic compounds, and bacterial respiration provides CO₂ as a carbon source to algae. The algae-bacteria consortia has been extensively studied for applications in wastewater treatment. The algae-bacteria interactions and the application of microalgae-bacteria symbiosis system in wastewater treatment were summarized. According to previous studies, algae-bacteria interactions are categorized into nutrient exchange, signal transduction and gene transfer. The treatment of wastewater, contaminated by nutrients, heavy metals, crude oil, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and pharmaceutical contaminants through microalgae-bacteria symbiosis system was reviewed. Assimilation, anaerobic ammonia oxidation, nitrification and denitrification, phosphorylation are key mechanisms during inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The removal mechanisms of heavy metals, crude oil, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and pharmaceutical contaminants by microalgae-bacteria symbiosis system include bioadsorption, bioaccumulation, and intracellular and extracellular biodegradation.