基于16S rRNA基因高通量测序研究狞猫肠道微生物多样性

Diversity of intestinal microbiota of Caracal cat (Caracal caracal) by high-throughput sequence of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene

摘要:

[目的]研究狞猫肠道微生物多样性特征。[方法]对7只健康成年野生狞猫（2只雄性，5只雌性；2只来自济南野生动物园，5只来自威海野生动物园）粪便微生物16S rRNA基因V3-V4区进行高通量测序，对狞猫肠道微生物多样性进行研究。[结果] 7只狞猫共获得肠道微生物16S rRNA基因V3-V4区有效序列1458741条，平均208392条，序列平均长度433 bp。通过以97%的序列相似性进行分类，获得操作分类单元（OTU）平均 233个。经序列比对和分类鉴定，这些OTU都属于细菌域，包括13个门，26个纲，43个目，75个科，119个属。其中，丰度最高的细菌门是厚壁菌门（Firmicutes，平均占61.7%）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria，12.42%）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes，7.79%）、梭杆菌门（Fusobacteroidetes，7.79%）和变形菌门（Proteobacteria，7.53%）。丰度最高的科依次是消化链球菌科（Peptostreptococcaceae，平均占16.15%），梭菌科I（Clostridiaceae_I，14.78%），毛螺菌科（Lachnospiraceae，13.13%），红蝽杆菌科（Coriobacteriaceae，12.31%）等。丰度最高的属是柯林斯氏菌属（Collinsella，11.44%），艰难梭菌属（Peptoclostridium，10.91%），狭窄梭菌属1（Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1，10.3%），拟杆菌属（Bacteroides，7.41%），消化链球菌属（Peptostreptococcus，5.21%）等。7只狞猫的肠道微生物中有平均15.35%的OTU没有归类到属。样本间聚类分析结果表明，来自同一动物园的样本聚为一支。[结论]本文通过高通量测序技术研究了狞猫肠道微生物的组成和多样性特征，为狞猫的救护饲养和消化生理学研究提供基础数据。

Abstract:

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to study the intestinal microbial diversity of the caracal cats (Caracal caracal). [Methods] Fecal samples from 7 wild adult caracal cats (2 males and 5 females) were collected, 2 of them were raised in Ji'nan Wildlife Park and 5 of them were raised in Weihai Wildlife Park. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region of caracal cats was carried out. [Results] A total of 1458741 valid sequences of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was obtained, with an average of 208392 valid sequences and an average sequence length of 433 bp. By classifying with 97% sequence similarity, an average of 233 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained. These OTUs were all classified into the bacterial domain, including 13 phyla, 26 classes, 43 orders, 75 families, and 119 genera. Among them, the most abundant bacteria are Firmicutes (accounting for 61.7% of all OTUs), Actinobacteria (12.42%), Bacteroidetes (7.79%), Fusobacteroidetes (7.79%) and Proteobacteria (7.53%). The most abundant families were Peptostreptococcaceae (accounting for about 16.15% of all OTUs), Clostridiaceae_I (14.78%), Lachnospiraceae (13.13%) and Coriobacteriaceae (12.31%), etc. The most abundant genera were Collinsella (11.44%), Peptoclostridium (10.91%), Clostridium sensu stricto 1 (10.3%), Bacteroides (7.41%) and Peptostreptococcus (5.21%), etc. An average of 15.35% of the OTUs in the gut microbiota of the 7 caracal cats was unclassified at the genus level. Cluster analysis showed that the samples from the same park were clustered into one branch. [Conclusion] Characteristics of the intestinal microbiota of the caracal cats were described and the results would provide scientific information for the rescue feeding and digestive physiology research of the caracal cats.