微生物-肠-脑轴的研究进展

Advances in microbiota-gut-brain axis

摘要:

肠道微生物群能够调节宿主肠道稳态，同时参与调节宿主神经系统功能和行为。肠道菌群失调可能导致宿主神经系统功能障碍，从而引发神经退行性疾病。因此，研究微生物在肠-脑轴中发挥的作用及其机制，靶向调控肠道微生物菌群结构和功能，将为神经系统疾病的诊断与治疗提供新的手段。近年来，有关肠道微生物与机体神经系统间的互作研究受到了广泛关注，然而其具体的调控机制还未明晰。因此，本文综述了肠道微生物对宿主神经健康的调节作用，以及肠道微生物与宿主间的互作在调节神经功能、行为的潜力等研究进展，为更好地了解肠道微生物在调控宿主神经系统功能和行为的作用机制提供参考。

关键词:肠道微生物;代谢产物;肠-脑轴;神经系统

Abstract:

The gut microbiota regulates intestinal homeostasis, and also participates in the modulation of brain function and behaviors of hosts. Disorders of gut microbiota are associated with the dysfunction of host nervous system, causing the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, better understanding the role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis can provide new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of nervous system diseases by the targeted modulation of gut microbiota composition and function. In recent years, studies on the interaction between gut microbiota and brain function have been reported, but the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Therefore, combining with the latest research findings from our laboratory, we review here the modulatory effects of gut microbiota on nervous system and the potential role of interaction between gut microbiota and host in the modulation of brain function and behaviors of hosts, aiming to deepen our understanding about the role of gut microbiota in the modulation of brain function and behaviors in hosts.

Key words:intestinal microbiota;microbial metabolites;gut-brain axis;nervous system