钴60诱变选育平菇新菌株的研究

Breeding of new Pleurotus ostreatus strain by mutation with 60Co-γ irradiation

摘要:

[目的] 利用⁶⁰Co-γ射线诱变平菇原生质体创制平菇新种质。[方法] 通过3个剂量的⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐照处理平菇原生质体悬浮液，统计不同剂量的致死率，利用拮抗试验、SSR分子标记筛选突变菌株，通过出菇试验筛选优良的平菇新菌株。[结果] 平菇原生质体在0.9 KGy的诱变处理下致死率为0%，在1.2 KGy的诱变处理下菌株致死率63.33%，在1.5 KGy的诱变处理下菌株致死率为76.67%。经拮抗试验和SSR分子标记筛选，获得了8株突变菌株，出菇试验结果表明7个突变菌株产量和生物学效率均有不同程度的降低，菌盖颜色也略有变化，其中突变菌株1.5-P4的产量较对照降低了41.92%；而突变菌株1.2-P1为高产菌株，其产量达437.95±12.22 g/袋，较对照菌株提高了9.76%，生物学效率较CK提高了10.38%。[结论] 利用⁶⁰Co-γ射线诱变育种技术得到了1个性状较为优良的平菇新菌株，这为其他食药用菌诱变育种研究提供了参考。

关键词:平菇;钴60;诱变;SSR;高产菌株

Abstract:

[Objective] To create new germpla of Pleurotus ostreatus by mutagenic treatments protoplast by ⁶⁰Co-γ-rays.[Methods] The protoplasts solution was treated by three different radiation doses of ⁶⁰Co-γ-rays, we analysed the strain lethality rate, and screened the mutant strains by antagonistic reaction and simple sequence repeat (SSR) identification. Finally, we screened a new and fine strain of Pleurotus ostreatus.[Results] The strain lethality rate was 0% under 0.9 KGy, 63.33% under 1.2 KGy, and 76.67% under 1.5 KGy. After the antagonistic reaction and SSR identification, we found 8 mutant strains that were change. The fruiting results showed that the yield and biological efficiency of 7 mutant strains were lower than the control, and the cap color had some change. Compared with the control the yield of 1.5-P4 decreased 41.92%, but the 1.2-P1 was the high-yield strain with yield of 437.95±12.22 g/bag, increased by 9.76% compared with the control.[Conclusion] We screened a new and fine strain of Pleurotus ostreatus by mutation breeding with ⁶⁰Co-γ-rays, and the results provide reference to mutation breeding of edible and medicinal fungi.

Key words:Pleurotus ostreatus;⁶⁰Co;mutation;SSR;high-yield strain