烤后不同霉变程度烟叶际真菌群落组成与多样性分析

Fungal composition and diversity of tobacco phyllosphere from cured tobacco leaves

摘要:

[目的] 为了解烤后不同霉变程度烟叶真菌群落组成与多样性。[方法] 基于Illumina MiSeq高通量测序平台对烤后烟叶叶柄和叶片叶际样品的真菌群落组成进行了分析。[结果] 霉变重烟叶叶片（BQ）、霉变重烟叶叶柄（BZ）、霉变轻烟叶叶片（JQ）、霉变轻烟叶叶柄（JZ）4类样品真菌分布于子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）、接合菌门（Zygomycota）等7个菌门、27个纲、58个目、104个科、171个属的360个真菌分类单元（OTUs）。不同霉变程度烟叶叶际真菌群落组成、分类单元的相对丰度及优势分类单元皆存在不同程度差异。在属的水平上，霉变重烟叶叶片（BQ）的优势菌属为Aspergillus（89.64%）、Myrothecium（2.54%）、Rhodotorula（2.48%）、Gibberella（1.49%）；霉变重烟叶叶柄（BZ）的优势菌属为Aspergillus（96.93%）和Alternaria（1.92%）；霉变轻烟叶叶片（JQ）的优势菌属为Aspergillus（40.13%）、Rhodotorula（31.81%）、Alternaria（16.75%）；霉变轻烟叶叶柄（JZ）的优势菌属为Aspergillus（62.77%）、Alternaria（9.74%）、Rhodotorula（5.20%）。[结论] 霉变轻烟叶叶片样品真菌群落的多样性最高，霉变轻烟叶叶柄的真菌群落丰富度最高。霉变重烟叶样品的叶片部位的真菌群落丰富度和多样性均高于叶柄。烟叶霉烂为烤房常见病害，其病原真菌种类多样，且广泛分布于烟叶和环境中。该研究结果为烤房烟叶霉烂病的防治可根据不同发病程度的不同部位的真菌群落构成特征，制定相应的防治方案提供了参考依据。

Abstract:

[Objective] To know the fungal community composition and diversity of tobacco phyllosphere with different degrees of tobacco pole rot. [Methods] The fungal community composition of both petiole and leaf samples from flue-cured tobacco leaves was analyzed based on Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform. [Results] The fungi from severe infected leaf samples (BQ), severe infected petiole samples (BZ), light infected leaf samples (JQ) and light infected petiole samples (JZ), were distributed in 7 phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota), 27 classes, 58 orders, 104 families, 171 genera and 360 fungal taxa (OTUs). The fungal community composition, relative abundance and dominant fungal taxon of each sample with different pole rot level were all different. When at genus level for sample BQ, the dominant genus was Aspergillus (89.64%), Myrothecium (2.54%), Rhodotorula (2.48%), Gibberella (1.49%). For sample BZ, dominant genus was Aspergillus (96.93%) and Alternaria (1.92%). For sample JQ, dominant genus was Aspergillus (40.13%), Rhodotorula (31.81%), Alternaria (16.75%). For sample JZ, the dominant genus was Aspergillus (62.77%), Alternaria (9.74%), Rhodotorula (5.20%). The diversity of fungal communities is the highest for sample JQ, richness of fungal communities is the highest for sample JZ. The richness and diversity of BQ fungal community were higher than those of BZ. Tobacco pole rot is a common disease in curing barn. This pathogenic fungus is various and widely distributed in tobacco leaf and environment. [Conclusion] The results provided a reference for the prevention and control of tobacco pole rot in flue-cured barn according to the characteristics of fungal community composition in different parts of the disease severity.