五大连池不同火山喷发沉积物的细菌群落多样性研究

Diversity of bacterial community in different volcanic sediments of Wudalianchi, China

摘要:

[目的]揭示五大连池火山区的细菌多样性。[方法]运用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术解析五大连池不同火山喷发沉积物中细菌的群落组成和分布规律。[结果]五大连池火山区沉积物中的细菌主要包含厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）等23个细菌门类，其中，厚壁菌门、变形菌门丰度较高，芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）为绝对优势菌群。另外，由于火山物质的同源性，导致各沉积物中细菌的代谢通路多与C、N、S、Fe等元素的生化循环相关，群落结构及功能具有一定程度的相似性。但由于各研究区域在沉积组分、环境因素及地质演化进程上的差异，致使芽孢杆菌属、地杆菌属（Geobacter）、酸杆菌属（Acidobacterium）、嘉利翁氏菌属（Gallionella）、Blastocatella等部分种群在不同火山沉积物中呈现差异化分布，具有典型的地域适应特性。[结论]五大连池火山沉积物中含有较为丰富的细菌资源，为今后挖掘功能性种质及进一步探讨微生物群落与火山环境之间的关系提供基础数据。

关键词:火山沉积物;细菌;群落结构

Abstract:

[Objective] This study was done to understand the diversity of bacteria in the Wudalianchi volcanic region of China. [Methods] High-throughput sequencing with the Illumina MiSeq system was used to analyze the community composition and distribution of the bacteria occurring in different volcanic sediments of the Wudalianchi region. [Results] In total 23 categories of bacteria, including Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria were found and further analyzed. Among them, the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were higher, and Bacillus was the predominant genus. In addition, the homology of volcanic materials caused that the metabolic pathways of bacteria were mostly related to the biochemical cycle of C, N, S and Fe, therefore there was a certain degree of similarity between the community structure and function of the bacteria. However due to differences in sedimentary components, environmental factors and geological evolution in different research regions, some populations of Bacillus, Geobacter, Acidobacterium, Gallionella and Blastocatala were distributed differently in volcanic sediments with typical regional adaptability. [Conclusion] It showed that microbial resources were abundant in the volcanic sedimentary environments of the Wudalianchi region. Our results will provide the basic data for the future mining of functional microbial resources and further discussion of the relationship between microbial communities and volcanic environment.

Key words:volcanic sediment;bacteria;community structure