湖泊微生物硝化过程研究进展

Research progress in microbial nitrification in lakes

摘要:

湖泊中微生物介导的硝化作用在生境内部氮周转和温室气体N₂O释放方面扮演着关键的角色。因此，研究湖泊微生物硝化过程及速率有助于我们整体评估湖泊生境内部的氮循环状态，全面认识湖泊响应区域乃至全球气候变化的规律。本文综述了湖泊生境中硝化过程及其驱动微生物和影响因素，包括氨氧化过程、亚硝酸盐氧化过程和完全氨氧化过程，同时聚焦前沿，归纳了氨氧化古菌、氨氧化细菌和完全氨氧化菌产生N₂O的机制和相对贡献。最后对湖泊硝化过程研究现状和未来发展方向提出总结和展望。

Abstract:

Microbially mediated nitrification plays a key role in nitrogen transformation and emission of greenhouse gases N₂O in lacustrine ecosystems. Thus, studying microbial nitrification process and rate in lake environments helps comprehensively understand nitrogen biogeochemical cycle in lacustrine ecosystems and its response to regional and global climate change. This review summarized processes and microbial community compositions of nitrification (including ammonia oxidation, nitrite oxidation and complete ammonia oxidation) in lacustrine ecosystems and their influencing factors. Spotlight was given to the mechanisms and relative contributions of N₂O production through ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria and complete ammonia oxidizing bacteria, followed by summary and prospect on the current situation and future development of nitrification researches in lakes.