湖泊硫循环微生物研究进展

Research progress on microbes involved in lacustrine sulfur cycling

摘要:

湖泊是响应气候和环境变化的关键生态系统，是研究元素（如碳、氮和硫等）生物地球化学循环的热点环境。湖泊（尤其咸盐湖）具有硫酸盐含量高且含硫化合物种类丰富的特点，因而湖泊中硫元素生物地球化学循环过程非常活跃。微生物是驱动湖泊硫循环的重要推手。因此，研究湖泊中微生物参与的硫元素生物地球化学循环过程以及相关微生物类群构成，对于深入探索微生物在湖泊生态系统中的作用具有重要意义。本文综述了湖泊中驱动硫循环的微生物（硫氧化菌和硫酸盐还原菌）种群多样性、功能基因、代谢途径、硫氧化/硫酸盐还原速率及其对环境条件变化响应等方面的研究现状，并对未来湖泊微生物驱动的硫循环研究方向进行了展望。

关键词:湖泊;硫循环;功能基因;硫氧化菌;硫还原菌

Abstract:

Lakes ecosystems respond sensitively to climate and environmental changes, and are hot spots for investigating biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur. Lakes (especially saline lakes) are characteristic of high concentration of sulfur compounds and sulfate, leading to active sulfur biogeochemical cycling, which is mainly mediated be microbes. Therefore it is of great importance to exploring microbial roles in lacustrine ecosystems to study sulfur biogeochemical processes and associated microbial communities in lakes. This review summarizes the recent progresses on microbial diversity, functional genes, metabolic pathways and activity involved in sulfur oxidation and sulfate reduction in lakes, and their responses to environmental conditions, followed by future research prospect on microbially mediated sulfur cycling in lakes.

Key words:lake;sulfur cycles;function genes;sulfur-oxidizing bacteria;sulfate-reducing bacteria