相容溶质四氢嘧啶与羟基四氢嘧啶的代谢调控研究进展

Metabolic regulation of compatible solutes ectoine and 5-hydroxyectoine

摘要:

四氢嘧啶（Ectoine）及其衍生物羟基四氢嘧啶（5-hydroxyectoine，5-HE）是嗜盐微生物胞内合成的一类能够抵抗外界高盐胁迫的相容溶质，具有细胞、细胞膜、蛋白质和核酸的保护作用，可抵抗高盐、高温、冷冻和干燥等极端环境因素的刺激，从而倍受关注。本文对不同类型微生物Ectoine/5-HE（Ects）生物合成代谢、分解代谢以及吸收/转运系统涉及的调控机制进行综述，以期为Ects合成产量的提升与高效积聚策略的优化，提供一定的理论参考依据。

Abstract:

Ectoine and its derivative 5-hydroxyectoine (5-HE) are compatible solutes synthesized intracellularly by halophiles in response to high salinity/osmolarity, heat, freezing, and dryness extremes. They have drawn a lot of attention lately due to their protective effects on maintaining cell survival, membrane integrity, as well as protein and DNA functionality. This article comprehensively reviews the regulatory mechanisms of intracellular biosynthesis and catabolism of ectoine and 5-HE in different types of microorganisms, and summarizes the latest research progress in the regulation of extracellular uptake and transport systems of ectoine and 5-HE. This review may provide a certain theoretical reference for the subsequent optimization of the production and efficient accumulating strategies of ectoine and 5-HE.