绿弯菌的研究现状及展望

Research status and prospect on bacterial phylum Chloroflexi

摘要:

绿弯菌是一个深度分支的门级别细菌类群，广泛分布于生物圈各种生境。现已生效发表的绿弯菌构成9个纲，但仅包含56个种；基于分子生态学的研究结果表明尚有大量绿弯菌类群仍是未培养状态。绿弯菌形态多样，营养方式和代谢途径十分丰富，参与了C、N、S等一系列重要生源元素的生物地球化学循环过程。研究该类群不仅有助于认识环境中微生物的多样性及其代谢特征，从而更好的理解微生物参与的生态学过程，还有助于揭示微生物对环境的适应及其进化。本文主要综述了绿弯菌的发现历史、营养、代谢及其在元素循环中的作用，并总结了其分离培养和潜在应用价值，最后展望了未来的研究方向，旨在为深入探究绿弯菌的进化、培养和驱动地球化学元素循环等研究提供参考。

Abstract:

Phylum Chloroflexi is a deep branching lineage of the domain Bacteria. Members of the phylum are widely distributed in different habitats of the biosphere. The validly published microbes in the phylum include 9 classes of only 56 species. The results based on molecular ecology imply the majority members of this phylum are still uncultured. Chloroflexi microbes are diverse in morphology, nutrition, metabolic pathways, and play important roles in biogeochemical cycles of multiple elements including carbon, nitrogen and sulfur. Study on Chloroflexi may contribute to understanding microbial diversity, metabolic characteristics and ecological processes in the environment, it is important in clarifying the adaptation of microorganisms to the environment and their evolution. In this paper, the discovery history, nutrition, metabolism and the role in the elemental cycling of Chloroflexi are summarized. Isolation methods and potential application values are also reviewed. Expectations for Chloroflexi cultivation, evolution and geochemical cycling are also indicated.