气候变暖下水圈甲烷排放及其微生物学机制

Hydrospheric methane emission and its microbiological mechanisms under climate warming

摘要:

大气温室气体浓度升高导致的气候变暖已对人类社会可持续发展带来了严重影响。水圈生态系统既是全球最为重要的碳汇之一，也是全球最为重要的甲烷自然排放源。因此，阐明气候变暖背景下水圈甲烷排放格局及其相关微生物调控机制，是认识未来地球气候系统演变机理、预测未来全球变化潜在情景的关键命题，也将为如何高效发挥水圈碳汇潜力提供基础理论支撑，更好应对全球气候变化问题。本文主要综述了气候变暖背景下主要水圈生态系统中微生物介导的甲烷排放研究的现状与趋势，介绍了水圈甲烷排放格局及其气候变暖背景下的演变趋势，回顾了气候变暖对甲烷代谢相关微生物群落与功能的复杂调控作用。基于目前的研究现状，未来亟需通过微观机制与宏观过程相结合的途径，并基于生态系统复杂性和气候变暖长期性开展相关研究。同时，建议应加强对海洋等相对薄弱区域的研究。

Abstract:

Climate warming caused by the increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration has brought serious impact on the sustainable development of human society. The hydrospheric ecosystem is not only one of the world's most important carbon sinks, but also the world's most important natural sources of methane emissions. Therefore, understanding of hydrospheric methane emission and related microbial mechanisms under climate warming is important to reveal the future trend of the earth's climate system and predict potential scenarios of future global change. Additionally, it will provide basic theoretical support for how to effectively utilize the potential of the carbon sink in the hydrosphere, in order to better respond to global climate change issues. In this paper, we review the status and trend of microbial-mediated methane emissions of the main hydrospheric ecosystems under climate warming, and introduce the complex regulatory effects of climate warming on microbial communities and functions related to methane metabolisms. In view of the current research status, it is urgent to carry out related researches based on the complexity of ecosystems and the long-term nature of climate warming through a combination of micro-mechanisms and macro-processes. Meanwhile, it is suggested to strengthen the researches in relatively weak areas such as the ocean.