海洋N2O的排放及其关键微生物过程作用机制研究进展

N2O emission and related microbial mechanism in the ocean

摘要:

氧化亚氮（N₂O）是一种重要的温室效应气体，同时也是造成平流层臭氧损耗的主要化合物。海洋是大气中N₂O的重要排放源，海洋中的N₂O产生和释放主要由微生物的代谢过程介导。本文对海洋N₂O的释放通量、海水N₂O的分布特征、环境影响因素以及海洋N₂O产生的微生物调控机制等几个方面的最新研究进展进行综述，并结合低氧与N₂O产生的关系以及近岸海域低氧区的扩大等科学问题，对河口近岸生态系统N₂O的释放通量以及其关键微生物过程进行展望。

关键词:N₂O的排放;硝化过程;不完全反硝化过程;河口近海环境

Abstract:

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is a powerful greenhouse gas, and also the main compound causing stratospheric ozone depletion. The ocean is an important source of N₂O emission to the atmosphere, and N₂O in the ocean is mainly produced by the microbial-mediated nitrogen biogeochemical cycle. This paper firstly reviews the marine N₂O emission flux, the distribution characteristics of seawater N₂O and environmental impact factors. Then, the microbial processes regulating the N₂O production and emission are discussed. At last, we address the N₂O biogeochemical process based on the relationship between low oxygen and N₂O production in the estuarine and coastal ecosystems.

Key words:N₂O emissions;nitrification;incomplete-denitrification;estuarine and coastal environment