海南海口温泉真菌、细菌多样性及其环境影响因素分析

Diversity of fungi and bacteria in hot springs in Haikou, Hainan province

摘要:

[目的] 海南海口含有丰富的温泉资源，对温泉微生物多样性进行研究，有助于进一步开发和利用海南温泉微生物资源。[方法] 本文采用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序技术对海口3个温泉[海甸岛荣域温泉（S1）、火山口开心农场温泉（S2）和西海岸海长流温泉（S3）] 水样中微生物ITS序列和16S rRNA基因V3-V4区进行测序及生物信息学分析，探究海口市3个不同区域的温泉真菌多样性与细菌多样性。[结果] （1）α多样性分析表明，真菌群落中，S3 > S1 > S2，而在细菌群落中，S2 > S1 > S3。β多样性分析表明，3个温泉真菌群落和细菌群落组成差异皆显著。（2）分类分析表明，温泉真菌群落优势菌门为子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota），细菌群落优势菌门为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、Thermi、硝化螺旋菌门（Nitrospirae）、绿菌门（Chlorobi）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）。（3）CCA（Canonical correspondence analysis）分析表明，3个温泉的真菌群落主要影响因子是温度，细菌群落主要影响因子是总磷。[结论] 海南省海口市温泉中含有丰富的微生物资源，其微生物群落组成受多种环境因子影响，且影响真菌和细菌的主要环境因子不同。

Abstract:

[Objective] Haikou is rich in hot spring resources and the research on the microbial diversity of hot springs is conducive to the further development and utilization of the microbial resources in Hainan hot springs. [Methods] Microbial ITS sequences and V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene in three hot springs (Rongyu hot spring on haidian island, S1; Happy farm hot spring in the crater, S2; and west coast Haichangliu hot spring, S3) water samples were sequenced by Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology and were analyzed by bioinformatics. [Results] Analysis of alpha diversity shows that in the fungal community, S3 > S1 > S2, and in the bacterial community, S2 > S1 > S3. Beta diversity analysis shows that the compositions of fungal and bacterial communities in the three hot springs were significantly different; Classification analysis shows that the dominant phyla of hot spring fungal community were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and those of hot spring bacterial community were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Thermi, Nitrospirae, Chlorobi, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria; Canonical correspondence analysis shows that temperature was the main influencing factor on fungus community in the three hot springs, and total phosphorus on bacterial community. [Conclusion] Haikou hot springs have abundant microbial resources. The microbial community composition is mainly affected by temperature for fungi and total phosphorus for bacteria.