诺如病毒感染宿主免疫应答机制及疫苗研究进展

Advances in researches on immune response mechanism of norovirus infection in hosts

摘要:

诺如病毒是引起人类急性胃肠炎的重要食源性病原之一。由于体外复制系统和感染模型的缺乏，研究人员对其宿主保护性免疫的理解始终有限，导致控制病毒感染方面的研究也受到较大阻碍。近年来，随着病毒衣壳蛋白外源表达、替代病毒的使用、志愿者实验的开展，尤其是细胞培养模型的突破，使得体液免疫和细胞免疫的研究取得较大进展。因此，本文针对诺如病毒感染宿主的先天性免疫、体液免疫和细胞免疫应答机制等进行了综述，并对后续其在诺如病毒候选疫苗研制等领域的应用进行了展望。

关键词:诺如病毒;体液免疫;细胞免疫;疫苗;组织血型抗原

Abstract:

Norovirus is one of the important foodborne pathogens that cause acute gastroenteritis in humans. Due to the lack of in vitro replication systems and infection models, researchers' understanding of their host's protective immunity has always been limited, leading to greater hindrance in research into controlling viral infections. In recent years, the exogenous expression of viral capsid proteins, the use of surrogate viruses, and the development of volunteer experiments, especially breakthroughs in cell culture models, have made great progress in the study of humoral immunity and cellular immunity. Therefore, this article reviews the innate immunity, humoral immunity, and cellular immune response mechanisms of Norovirus-infected hosts, and looks forward to its future applications in the development of Norovirus candidate vaccines.

Key words:norovirus;humoral immunity;cellular immunity;vaccine;histo-blood group antigens