白蚁消化系统转化和降解木质纤维素酶研究进展

Advances in lignocellulose-degrading enzymes from termites and symbiotic microbes

摘要:

木质纤维素是地球上最丰富的有机聚合物，白蚁是古老但进化最成功的高效木质纤维素降解者之一。了解白蚁降解高度抗性植物聚合物的机制对工业上生物质能源转化和生物仿生设计有重要的借鉴和指导价值。白蚁和其共生微生物产生的木质纤维素酶在其转化利用木质纤维素上发挥着重要作用。本文从来源作用方面对白蚁自身及其肠道原虫、细菌和真菌产生的纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和漆酶等酶研究概况进行了总结，对其存在的问题和前景进行了展望。本综述有助于全面了解白蚁消化系统木质纤维素酶的基因种类、来源、分布、表达以及酶活性和功能。

关键词:白蚁;木质纤维素降解;纤维素酶;木聚糖酶;漆酶

Abstract:

Lignocellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on earth. Termites are one of the oldest but most successful and efficient lignocellulose degraders. Understanding the mechanism of effective degradation of highly resistant plant polymers by termites has important guidance for industrial biomass energy conversion and biomimetic design. The lignocellulases produced by termites and their symbiotic microorganisms play an important role in the conversion and utilization of lignocellulose. This article summarizes the research progress in producing cellulase, xylanase and laccase by termites themselves and their intestinal protozoa, bacteria and fungi, and suggests future problems and prospects. This review is helpful for a comprehensive understanding of the lignocellulytic gene type, source, distribution, expression, and enzyme activity and function of lignocellulases in termite digestive system.

Key words:termites;lignocellulose degradation;cellulose;xylanase;laccase