烟草废弃物中的难降解有机物的微生物降解研究进展

Progress in microbial degradation of refractory organics in tobacco waste

摘要:

烟草废弃物的资源化利用及无害处理过程，需要利用微生物高效降解其中的难降解物质，如木质素与尼古丁。本文主要综述烟草废弃物中难降解物质的生物降解研究进展。迄今，已经发现了不少木质素和尼古丁的微生物降解菌株，对其降解机理及应用已有不少研究报道，但其在烟草废弃物处理中的应用方面报道较少。木质素和尼古丁降解菌可以用于废次烟叶（烟梗）木质素的消减和尼古丁去除，但同时也需要考察菌株的降解能力和应用环境的适用性。具备降解木质素和尼古丁双重功能的菌株更有应用前景，但迄今发现较少。基于全基因组分析和微生物组学技术的复合菌群的研究也是重要的研究方向，将推动含木质素和尼古丁等多种难降解物质的废次烟叶的处置技术发展和实际应用。

Abstract:

The resource utilization and harmless disposal of tobacco waste require efficient microbial degradation of refractory substances such as lignin and nicotine. This paper reviews the progress in biodegradation of refractory substances in tobacco waste. Up to now, an increasing number of strains capable of degrading lignin and nicotine have been isolated, and there are many publications on the mechanism and application of lignin and nicotine microbial degradation. However, there are few publications about their application in tobacco waste treatment. Lignin and nicotine-degrading bacteria also exhibit potential for lignin abatement and nicotine removal of waste tobacco leaves (tobacco stems). However, it is necessary to evaluate both the degradation ability and the adaptability to the real environment. Strains capable of degrading both lignin and nicotine are preferable for application, but few such strains have been isolated. The research of complex microflora based on complete genome analysis and microbiome technology, is obligated and will promote the development and application of microbial disposal technology for waste tobacco leaves containing lignin, nicotine and other refractory substances.