微生物降解持久性有机污染物的研究进展与展望

Recent advances in microbial catabolism of persistent organic pollutants

摘要:

持久性有机污染物（POPs）是伴随着人类工业化发展而产生的合成类污染物，具有高毒性、持久性、长迁移性和高生物富集性等特点，POPs污染物的微生物降解一直是环境科学与技术应用领域的研究热点。微生物降解技术修复POPs污染环境具有无二次污染、成本低、快速简便等优点，拥有广泛的应用前景。本文论述了各种POPs微生物分解代谢的最新研究进展，包括降解性微生物资源以及降解机制。此外，还讨论了计算生物学、合成生物学、基因组学等技术在POPs微生物降解中的潜力和应用，以期为环境中持久性有机污染物的修复提供参考。

关键词:持久性有机污染物;微生物降解;代谢途径;菌群模拟;合成生物学

Abstract:

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are a class of synthetic pollutants that are continuously produced along with the development of human agrochemicals and industrial technology. They are characterized by high toxicity, long-lasting, long migration and high bioaccumulation. The remediation of POPs has always been a research hotspot in the field of environmental science and technology. Among them, microbial degradation is considered to have broad application prospects because of no secondary pollution, low-cost, fast and simple. This review presents an overview of the recent advances in the microbial catabolism of various POPs, including microbial resources that are capable of catabolizing these POPs and the mechanisms involved in the catabolism. Furthermore, the potential and application of the computational metabolic modeling, synthetic biology, and genomics in the biodegradation of POPs have also been discussed. Taken together, these results will provide valuable theoretical basis for the bioremediation of POPs contaminated sites using highly efficient degrading microorganisms.

Key words:POPs;biodegradation;metabolic pathway;microbial modelling;synthetic biology