微生物降解硝基芳烃及其卤代衍生物的研究进展

Microbial degradation of nitroaromatics and their halogenated derivatives

摘要:

硝基芳烃化合物作为一种重要的化工原料，广泛应用于医药、染料、农药等化工产品的合成。在给人类社会带来空前的物质繁荣的同时，其造成的环境污染问题也成为人类社会面临的重要挑战之一。微生物在这些环境污染物的降解中起着重要的作用。近几十年，环境微生物工作者对微生物降解硝基芳香污染物的各个步骤，包括趋化感应、分解代谢及生物修复进行了大量的研究工作，获得了丰富的知识。本文综述了硝基芳烃及其卤代衍生物的微生物代谢途径、代谢机理、趋化及修复研究进展，并对本领域的研究进行了展望，有助于全面认知硝基芳烃污染物的微生物降解过程，为污染环境修复提供理论基础。

关键词:(卤代)硝基芳烃;微生物降解;代谢途径;代谢机理;趋化;生物修复

Abstract:

Nitroaromatic compounds are important chemical materials and wildly used in the chemical syntheses of pharmaceuticals, dyes and pesticides. Inevitably, as hazardous pollutants, nitroaromatic compounds have been extensively introduced into our surrounding environments because of anthropogenic activities. Microorganisms play an important role in degrading these recalcitrant contaminants. In the past decades, microbial degradation of nitroaromatics has been investigated extensively, leading to dramatic progress in understanding the microbial strategies and associated mechanisms for the degradation of these pollutants. Here we present an integrated review of the bacterial degradation of nitroaromatic compounds and their halogenated derivatives in the catabolic pathway and mechanism, microbial chemotaxis, together with bioremediation of nitroaromatics-contaminated environment. In addition, we propose future research. This review will increase our current understanding of the microbial degradation process of these toxic and recalcitrant pollutants.

Key words:(halogenated) nitroaromatics;microbial degradation;catabolic pathway;catabolic mechanism;chemotaxis;bioremediation