微藻规模化培养研究进展

Progress in large-scale culture of microalgae

摘要:

微藻作为地球上最古老的物种之一，其诞生可追溯到35亿多年前。微藻的种类十分丰富，形态也多种多样。微藻一般都含有叶绿体，因此可进行光合作用，有研究表明微藻固定CO₂的能力是陆地植物的10倍。微藻以其丰富的代谢产物及独特的生理特性在可再生能源、生物医药、食品工业和环境监测等方面有着广泛的应用。然而如何在控制成本的前提下对微藻进行规模化培养成为困扰微藻应用行业的一大难题。为此，本文将从微藻的生化特点及其在各领域中的应用、微藻的规模化培养和微藻的采收3个方面对微藻的规模化培养近十年的研究进展进行综述，旨在为微藻高效培养、低成本采收的研究开发提供参考。

Abstract:

The species of microalgae are very rich and diverse. Microalgae generally contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis. Studies have shown that microalgae's ability to fix CO₂ is 10 times that of land plants. Microalgae is widely used in renewable energy, biomedicine, food industry and environmental monitoring due to its rich metabolites and unique physiological characteristics. However, how to scale-up microalgae under the premise of controlling cost has become a difficult problem in the application. Therefore, we review the research progress of microalgae scale culture in the recent ten years from the biochemical characteristics of microalgae and its application in various fields, the three growth modes of microalgae, the application of photobioreactors and the harvesting of microalgae, with a view to providing a basis for the further development and utilization of microalgae.