贵金属纳米材料的抑菌机制

Antimicrobial noble metal-based nanomaterials

摘要:

贵金属纳米材料（Noble metal-based nanomaterials，NMNs）具有广谱抗菌性。NMNs可通过纳米穿孔、破坏膜稳定性、诱导活性氧、与DNA等生物大分子结合等方式杀灭细菌。同时，在NMNs选择压力下，细菌进化出了抵抗NMNs损害的能力。细菌对NMNs的耐性可通过膜电位排斥、分泌吸附蛋白、激活抗氧化损伤相关酶、外排有毒颗粒以及群体效应等途径得以表现。本文一方面总结了NMNs对细菌的抑制机制，另一方面探讨了细菌对NMNs产生耐性的方式、原因及目前研究的不足，以期为合理开发并应用抑菌贵金属纳米材料提供科学依据。

Abstract:

Noble metal-based nanomaterials (NMNs) have a broad spectrum of antibacterial properties. NMNs can inhibit bacteria by means of nano-perforation, disrupting membrane stability, stimulating the generation of reactive oxygen species, binding to biological molecules such as DNA, and releasing toxic ions. Under the selective pressure of NMNs, bacteria evolve the resistance to NMNs inhibition. The resistance of bacteria to NMNs can be exhibited through electrostatic repulsion, secreting adsorption protein, activation of antioxidant enzymes, efflux of toxic particles, and quorum sensing. Here we summarize the antibacterial properties of NMNs, discuss bacterial resistance to NMNs, and indicate the shortage of current researches on bacterial resistance to NMNs, to assist rational development and application of antimicrobial NMNs.