甘蔗联合固氮的研究进展及应用潜力

Current progress on the associative nitrogen fixation in sugarcane and its application potentials

摘要:

在农业生产中，化学氮肥的投入大幅度增加了粮食产量，然而过量或不合理的施肥措施对农业生态环境造成了严重破坏。因此，挖掘植物自身的生物学特性，寻求其他有效的氮素来源，对农业减肥增效至关重要。其中，植物与微生物之间的生物固氮作用，能为宿主提供大量的清洁氮源，在农业生产中发挥着不可替代的作用。本文以甘蔗为代表，综述了植物联合固氮的研究进展和应用潜力，包括联合固氮作用的提出、联合固氮菌的筛选、侵染机制及功能研究，并总结了联合固氮复合菌在甘蔗生产中的应用，以期为作物养分高效的品种改良及推动生物固氮作用在农业生产中的实践提供理论依据和参考。

关键词:联合固氮;固氮菌;甘蔗;减肥增效;生态农业

Abstract:

The introduction of chemical nitrogen fertilizer has greatly increased the crop yield. However, the excessive fertilization or improper fertilizer use will cause severe damage to the agro-ecology system. Understanding characteristics of plants and seeking alternative nitrogen (N) sources are crucial to reduce the use of fertilizer and increase nutrient efficiency. The biological nitrogen fixation established between plants and microorganisms can provide a large amount of clean N sources for the host, which plays an irreplaceable role in agricultural production. Here, we take sugarcane as an example to summarize the progresses of the associative N₂ fixation, including the discovery, screening, infection mechanisms and functional study of plant-associated N₂-fixing bacteria, and the application of the mixed inoculations with diazotrophic bacteria in sugarcane production. We predict that these will provide theoretical basis and reference value for improvement of nutrient efficiency and promotion of biological nitrogen fixation in agricultural production.

Key words:associative nitrogen fixation;nitrogen-fixing bacteria;sugarcane;reducing fertilization while increasing efficiency;eco-agriculture