甲基营养型芽孢杆菌拮抗玉蜀黍尾孢菌、链格菌和灰葡萄孢菌及环脂肽分析

Antagonism of Bacillus methylotrophicus against Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon et Daniels, Alternaria alternate and Botrytis cinerea

摘要:

[目的] 探究甲基营养型芽孢杆菌（Bacillus methylotrophicus）对植物病原菌玉蜀黍尾孢菌（Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon et Daniels）、链格菌（Alternaria alternate）和灰葡萄孢菌（Botrytis cinerea）的拮抗作用并鉴定抗菌物质，为其病害防治提供优良生防菌。[方法] 平板对峙法初筛和杯碟法筛选拮抗菌株；微生物形态学和16S rRNA基因鉴定拮抗菌株；薄层色谱（TLC）和编码基因分析鉴定抗菌物质；玉米田间生防试验评估拮抗菌对3种病原菌的防治效果。[结果] 筛选到一株能够明显拮抗玉蜀黍尾孢菌、链格菌和灰葡萄孢菌的甲基营养型芽孢杆菌B-1841，抑制率分别为65.95%、71.04%和46.69%，抑菌物质为伊枯草菌素类脂肽。玉米田间生防试验表明，菌株B-1841对玉蜀黍尾孢菌、链格菌和灰葡萄孢菌感染的玉米病害均有防治效果，相对防效分别为60.25%、69.89%和45.21%。[结论] 甲基营养型芽孢杆菌B-1841对玉蜀黍尾孢菌、链格菌和灰葡萄孢菌引起的病害有防治作用，在农作物真菌病害防治方面具有潜在应用价值。

Abstract:

[Objective] To provide biocontrol bacteria to control various plant fungal diseases, this study aimed to explore the antagonistic compounds from Bacillus methylotrophicus against Cercospora zeae-maydisTehon et Daniels, Alternaria alternate and Botrytis cinerea. [Methods] Plate method was used for prescreening, and the cup and saucer method was applied for rescreening. The antagonistic strains were identified by cell morphology and 16S rRNA gene. Antagonistic compounds were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and their coding genes were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Corn field trial of biocontrol was used to assess the control effect of antagonistic strain on three pathogenic microorganisms. [Results] Bacillus methylotrophic B-1841 inhibited A. alternata, C. zeae-maydis and B. cinerea with 65.95%, 71.04% and 46.69%, respectively. The antagonistic compounds were identified as iturin-like lipopeptide. The corn field trial showed that strain B-1841 had significant control effects on diseases infected by C. zeae-maydis, A. alternate and B. cinerea, with relative control effects of 69.89%, 60.25% and 45.21%, respectively. [Conclusion] B. methylotrophic B-1841 has a potential application prospect in the prevention and treatment of fungal diseases of crops.