单细胞分选技术在微生物分离与培养中的应用与展望

Application and prospect of single cell sorting technology in isolation and cultivation of microorganisms

摘要:

自然界相当多的微生物是未培养的，对这些“微生物界暗物质”进行研究，对于研究微生物的进化过程，充分利用微生物资源具有重要意义。对未培养微生物的分离与培养已成为当前国际研究热点，本文对显微操作、荧光活化分选、微流控分选、光镊技术、激光诱导向前转移等可用于微生物分离与培养的技术原理、发展历程进行简单介绍，对比分析了每种分选技术的优点与不足，重点阐述了激光诱导向前转移技术应用于微生物分离的技术优势，并进一步对未来应用于未培养微生物的研究进行了初步展望。

Abstract:

Most microorganisms are still unculturable in vitro, therefore studies of the “microbial dark matter” have great significance for investigating the evolution of microorganisms and making the most of microbial resources. Research on the isolation and cultivation of uncultivated microorganisms has become a hot research topic in the world. In this paper, we introduce the principle and development of different single cell sorting techniques, such as micromanipulation, fluorescence activated cell sorting, microfluidic cell sorting, optical tweezer, laser-induced forward transfer, to isolate and culture microorganisms. According to the advantages and disadvantages of each sorting technology, we mainly describe the advantages of laser-induced forward transfer and prospect the application of this technology to the research of uncultivated microorganisms.