肠道微生物菌株资源库的构建与应用开发

Gut Microbial BioBanks: Construction and Applications

摘要:

肠道微生物组在组成和功能上都具有极高的复杂性，大量基于免培养的微生物组学研究表明肠道菌群失调与多种疾病都存在密切关联，肠道菌群的稳态与宿主健康密切相关已是共识。同时，越来越多的研究者认识到，可培养微生物菌株资源是肠道微生物组研究从关联分析向功能验证、机理解析和应用开发方向深入发展的基础和保障。本文主要对近年来完成的一些具有代表性的人肠道微生物大规模分离培养和菌株资源库构建工作，进行整理，总结回顾肠道微生物分离培养技术和方法的进展；并通过几个有代表性的基于可培养微生物菌株资源开展的肠道微生物数据挖掘、宿主-微生物互作机理研究和应用开发的成果，展示肠道微生物菌株资源库的应用价值和开发潜力。

关键词:肠道微生物组;大规模分离培养;免培养研究;培养组学;菌株资源开发

Abstract:

The gut microbiome (GM) is extremely complicated in composition and function. Many culture-independent studies have demonstrated that the GM plays a pivotal role in host health and its imbalance has close relevance with various diseases. Meanwhile, increasing more researchers have realized that the culturable gut microbial biobanks are the resource foundations to facilitate the in-depth studies of GM by transition from meta-data based on relevance analysis to experimental validation of host-microbe interactions and GM-disease causality and further application in human health management. In this review, we summarize the recent progresses on large-scale gut microbial isolation and cultivation from different hosts, and provide a few examples for application of cultured microbial resources in high throughput sequencing data analyzing and in host-microbe interaction studies.

Key words:gut microbiome;large-scale isolation and cultivation;culture-independent study;culturomics;microbial resource application