厌氧氨氧化细菌的研究进展

Recent advance on the anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria

摘要:

厌氧氨氧化是指微生物在无氧条件下，以NO₂^-为电子受体，将NH₄⁺氧化成N₂的过程，该过程主要由浮霉菌门下的厌氧氨氧化细菌参与。厌氧氨氧化细菌广泛存在于海洋生态系统、淡水生态系统、陆地生态系统及其他一些特殊生境中，其在废水生物脱氮和地球氮循环中扮演着重要角色。本文从厌氧氨氧化细菌的发现历程、种类、特性、代谢途径、分布、检测方法及应用上进行了较为全面的总结；最后对厌氧氨氧化细菌研究前沿问题和未来发展方向进行了探讨与展望。

关键词:厌氧氨氧化细菌;种类;特征;分布;代谢途径

Abstract:

The anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) reaction with nitrite as an electron acceptor and nitrogen as a product is mediated by bacteria which belong to Planctomycetales. AnAOB are widely present in marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystem, it also can be found in some other extreme environments. In this study, we reviewed the most new research advance on taxonomy, characteristics, metabolism, distribution, biotechniques used for the analysis of AnAOB and application. Finally, we discussed some questions exiting in this field and prospected future research of anaerobic ammonium oxidation microorganisms.

Key words:anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria;species;characteristics;distribution;metabolism pathway