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首页 > 过刊浏览>2021年第61卷第4期 >969-986. DOI:10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20200755
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厌氧氨氧化细菌的研究进展
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基金项目:

广州市科技计划（201803030030）；广东省基础与应用基础研究基金联合基金（2019A1515110227）；中国博士后科学基金（2019M653156）


Recent advance on the anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria
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    摘要:

    厌氧氨氧化是指微生物在无氧条件下，以NO2-为电子受体，将NH4+氧化成N2的过程，该过程主要由浮霉菌门下的厌氧氨氧化细菌参与。厌氧氨氧化细菌广泛存在于海洋生态系统、淡水生态系统、陆地生态系统及其他一些特殊生境中，其在废水生物脱氮和地球氮循环中扮演着重要角色。本文从厌氧氨氧化细菌的发现历程、种类、特性、代谢途径、分布、检测方法及应用上进行了较为全面的总结；最后对厌氧氨氧化细菌研究前沿问题和未来发展方向进行了探讨与展望。

    Abstract:

    The anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) reaction with nitrite as an electron acceptor and nitrogen as a product is mediated by bacteria which belong to Planctomycetales. AnAOB are widely present in marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystem, it also can be found in some other extreme environments. In this study, we reviewed the most new research advance on taxonomy, characteristics, metabolism, distribution, biotechniques used for the analysis of AnAOB and application. Finally, we discussed some questions exiting in this field and prospected future research of anaerobic ammonium oxidation microorganisms.

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Applied and Environmental Microbiolog杹栀?琀栀爀漀甀最栀瀀甀琀?愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀?漀昀?愀渀愀洀洀漀砀?戀愀挀琀攀爀椀愀?椀渀?眀攀琀氀愀渀搀?愀渀搀?搀爀礀氀愀渀搀?猀漀椀氀猀?愀氀漀渀最?琀栀攀?愀氀琀椀琀甀搀椀渀愀氀?最爀愀搀椀攀渀琀?椀渀?儀椀渀最栀愀椀??吀椀戀攀琀?倀氀愀琀攀愀甀???椀??椀挀爀漀戀椀漀氀漀最礀漀瀀攀渀??椀????　?????????攀　　?????戀爀?嬀??崀??甀漀????倀攀渀最?夀???愀渀????娀栀愀渀最????一椀??????愀爀琀愀氀?????攀渀最?堀???攀琀琀攀渀??匀??夀甀愀渀?娀???攀琀愀最攀渀漀洀椀挀?愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀?漀昀?愀渀愀洀洀漀砀?挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀椀攀猀?椀渀?琀栀爀攀攀?搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀?洀椀挀爀漀戀椀愀氀?愀最最爀攀最愀琀攀猀???椀??渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀??椀挀爀漀戀椀漀氀漀最礀??椀????　?????????????????????戀爀?嬀??崀?圀甀?????漀渀最?夀???栀愀渀最?堀???椀愀漀?????椀?夀???椀甀?堀??堀椀攀?????甀?????唀渀攀砀瀀攀挀琀攀搀氀礀?栀椀最栀?搀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀?漀昀?愀渀愀洀洀漀砀?戀愀挀琀攀爀椀愀?搀攀琀攀挀琀攀搀?椀渀?搀攀攀瀀?猀攀愀?猀甀爀昀愀挀攀?猀攀搀椀洀攀渀琀猀?漀昀?琀栀攀?匀漀甀琀栀??栀椀渀愀?匀攀愀???椀????匀??椀???椀??椀挀爀漀戀椀漀氀漀最礀??挀漀氀漀最礀??椀????　??????????昀椀稀　????戀爀?嬀??崀??椀甀?夀??一椀甀?儀??圀愀渀最?匀???椀????娀栀愀渀最?夀??夀愀渀最?????漀樀漀?吀???椀?夀夀??唀瀀最爀愀搀椀渀最?漀昀?琀栀攀?猀礀洀戀椀漀猀椀猀?漀昀?一椀琀爀漀猀漀洀愀渀愀猀?愀渀搀?愀渀愀洀洀漀砀?戀愀挀琀攀爀椀愀?椀渀?愀?渀漀瘀攀氀?猀椀渀最氀攀?猀琀愀最攀?瀀愀爀琀椀愀氀?渀椀琀爀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀?愀渀愀洀洀漀砀?猀礀猀琀攀洀?一椀琀爀漀最攀渀?爀攀洀漀瘀愀氀?瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀?愀渀搀??椀挀爀漀戀椀愀氀?挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀???椀??椀漀爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀?吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀??椀????　????????倀琀?????????????戀爀?嬀?　　崀?吀漀栀?匀???圀攀戀戀?刀????猀栀戀漀氀琀?一????渀爀椀挀栀洀攀渀琀?漀昀?愀甀琀漀琀爀漀瀀栀椀挀?愀渀愀攀爀漀戀椀挀?愀洀洀漀渀椀甀洀?漀砀椀搀椀稀椀渀最?挀漀渀猀漀爀琀椀愀?昀爀漀洀?瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀?眀愀猀琀攀眀愀琀攀爀猀???椀??椀挀爀漀戀椀愀氀??挀漀氀漀最礀??椀????　　??????????????????戀爀?嬀?　?崀?圀愀渀最?娀??倀攀渀最?夀???椀愀漀?????愀漀?吀??娀栀愀渀最????圀愀渀最?匀???愀渀?????漀渀琀椀渀甀漀甀猀?昀氀漀眀?挀漀洀戀椀渀攀搀?瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀?漀昀?渀椀琀爀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀?愀渀搀??一???伀堀?昀漀爀?琀爀攀愀琀洀攀渀琀?漀昀?氀愀渀搀昀椀氀氀?氀攀愀挀栀愀琀攀???椀??椀漀爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀?吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀??椀????　?????????????????戀爀?嬀?　?崀?娀栀愀渀最????娀栀愀渀最?匀??倀攀渀最?夀???愀渀?堀???愀渀?夀??一椀琀爀漀最攀渀?爀攀洀漀瘀愀氀?瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀?愀渀搀?洀椀挀爀漀戀椀愀氀?搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀?椀渀?瀀椀氀漀琀??愀渀搀?昀甀氀氀?猀挀愀氀攀?椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀?昀椀砀攀搀?戀椀漀昀椀氀洀?愀挀琀椀瘀愀琀攀搀?猀氀甀搀最攀?爀攀愀挀琀漀爀猀?戀愀猀攀搀?漀渀?渀椀琀爀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀?愀渀愀洀洀漀砀?瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀???椀??椀漀爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀?吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀??椀????　?????????????????戀爀?嬀?　?崀??椀?搀漀渀最?匀???渀?栀甀椀????刀攀渀?挀甀渀?????漀渀最?焀椀渀最????倀椀渀最?娀??堀椀愀渀最?礀愀渀最?堀???愀漀?氀愀渀?????渀爀椀挀栀洀攀渀琀?漀昀?愀渀愀洀洀漀砀?戀愀挀琀攀爀椀愀?昀爀漀洀?琀栀爀攀攀?猀氀甀搀最攀?猀漀甀爀挀攀猀?昀漀爀?琀栀攀?猀琀愀爀琀甀瀀?漀昀?洀漀渀漀猀漀搀椀甀洀?最氀甀琀愀洀愀琀攀?椀渀搀甀猀琀爀椀愀氀?眀愀猀琀攀眀愀琀攀爀?琀爀攀愀琀洀攀渀琀?猀礀猀琀攀洀???椀??漀甀爀渀愀氀?漀昀??椀???椀??愀稀愀爀搀漀甀猀??愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀??椀????　?????????　　??????????戀爀?嬀?　?崀?吀愀渀最?????娀栀攀渀最?倀???栀攀渀?吀吀??娀栀愀渀最??儀???愀栀洀漀漀搀?儀???椀渀最?匀???栀攀渀?堀????栀攀渀??圀??圀甀??吀???渀栀愀渀挀攀搀?渀椀琀爀漀最攀渀?爀攀洀漀瘀愀氀?昀爀漀洀?瀀栀愀爀洀愀挀攀甀琀椀挀愀氀?眀愀猀琀攀眀愀琀攀爀?甀猀椀渀最?匀????一???伀堀?瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀???椀?圀愀琀攀爀?刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀??椀????　???????????　????　??戀爀?嬀?　?崀??愀挀欀渀攀爀?匀???椀氀戀攀爀琀?????嘀氀愀攀洀椀渀挀欀?匀????漀猀猀?????漀爀渀????瘀愀渀??漀漀猀搀爀攀挀栀琀??????甀氀氀?猀挀愀氀攀?瀀愀爀琀椀愀氀?渀椀琀爀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀?愀渀愀洀洀漀砀?攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀猀??愠渀?愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀?猀甀爀瘀攀礀???椀?圀愀琀攀爀?刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀??椀????　????????????　???戀爀?嬀?　?崀?一椀?匀儀??娀栀愀渀最?????渀愀攀爀漀戀椀挀?愀洀洀漀渀椀甀洀?漀砀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀?昀爀漀洀?氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀?琀漀?昀甀氀氀?猀挀愀氀攀?愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀???椀??椀漀洀攀搀?刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀??渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀??椀????　?????　????????　??戀爀?嬀?　?崀?圀愀渀最??????攀攀?倀????甀洀愀爀?????甀愀渀最?夀吀??匀甀渀最?匀???椀渀?????匀椀洀甀氀琀愀渀攀漀甀猀?瀀愀爀琀椀愀氀?渀椀琀爀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀??愀渀愀攀爀漀戀椀挀?愀洀洀漀渀椀甀洀?漀砀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀?愀渀搀?搀攀渀椀琀爀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀??匀一????椀渀?愀?昀甀氀氀?猀挀愀氀攀?氀愀渀搀昀椀氀氀?氀攀愀挀栀愀琀攀?琀爀攀愀琀洀攀渀琀?瀀氀愀渀琀???椀??漀甀爀渀愀氀?漀昀??愀稀愀爀搀漀甀猀??愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀??椀????　?　????????????????????戀爀?嬀?　?崀?夀愀渀最?娀???吀椀愀渀??刀???椀渀??夀??圀愀渀最??????漀渀最?娀???圀愀渀最??夀??吀攀猀琀?愀渀搀?猀琀甀搀礀?漀渀?焀甀椀挀欀?猀琀愀爀琀?甀瀀?漀昀?愀渀愀攀爀漀戀椀挀?愀洀洀漀渀椀甀洀?漀砀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀?瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀???椀??甀愀渀最稀栀漀甀??栀攀洀椀挀愀氀??渀搀甀猀琀爀礀??椀????　????????????　??????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀??栀?靟??　???需楧蝭??謀s╟??挀?貁??謀?酑??谀????穝蒂?????貋?癸??缀?????　????????????　?????戀爀?嬀?　?崀??攀渀最????吀愀渀最?????椀?????攀渀最?????椀????倀爀愀挀琀椀挀椀渀最?愀渀愀洀洀漀砀?椀渀?愀?渀漀瘀攀氀?栀礀戀爀椀搀?愀渀愀攀爀漀戀椀挀?愀攀爀漀戀椀挀?戀愀昀昀氀攀搀?爀攀愀挀琀漀爀?昀漀爀?琀爀攀愀琀椀渀最?栀椀最栀?猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀?愀洀洀漀渀椀甀洀?瀀椀最最攀爀礀?眀愀猀琀攀眀愀琀攀爀?眀椀琀栀?氀漀眀??伀??吀一?爀愀琀椀漀???椀??椀漀爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀?吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀??椀????　????????????????戀爀?嬀??　崀??椀?堀??娀栀愀渀最????娀栀愀渀最?堀???椀?????椀甀?????栀攀渀?夀??匀琀愀爀琀?甀瀀?愀渀搀?渀椀琀爀漀最攀渀?爀攀洀漀瘀愀氀?瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀?漀昀???一伀一?愀渀搀?匀一???瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀?椀渀?愀?瀀椀氀漀琀?猀挀愀氀攀?漀砀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀?搀椀琀挀栀?爀攀愀挀琀漀爀???椀?倀爀漀挀攀猀猀??椀漀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀??椀????　????????????????戀爀?嬀???崀?瘀愀渀??漀渀最攀渀?唀???攀琀琀攀渀??匀??瘀愀渀??漀漀猀搀爀攀挀栀琀?????吀栀攀?匀??刀伀一??渀愀洀洀漀砀?瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀?昀漀爀?琀爀攀愀琀洀攀渀琀?漀昀?愀洀洀漀渀椀甀洀?爀椀挀栀?眀愀猀琀攀眀愀琀攀爀???椀?圀愀琀攀爀?匀挀椀攀渀挀攀??愀洀瀀??吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀??椀????　　???????????????　??戀爀?嬀???崀?匀爀椀?匀栀愀氀椀渀椀?匀???漀猀攀瀀栀?????漀洀戀椀渀攀搀?匀??刀伀一?愀渀搀??一???伀堀?瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀?昀漀爀?愀洀洀漀渀椀愀挀愀氀?渀椀琀爀漀最攀渀?猀琀愀戀椀氀椀猀愀琀椀漀渀?椀渀?氀愀渀搀昀椀氀氀?戀椀漀爀攀愀挀琀漀爀猀???椀??椀漀爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀?吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀??椀????　??????　??????????戀爀?嬀???崀??漀渀稀愀氀攀稀??愀爀琀椀渀攀稀????伀猀漀爀椀漀?????漀爀椀氀氀漀?????刀漀搀爀椀最甀攀稀?匀愀渀挀栀攀稀?????漀渀稀愀氀攀稀??漀瀀攀稀?????戀戀愀猀?????瘀愀渀??漀漀猀搀爀攀挀栀琀??????漀洀瀀愀爀椀猀漀渀?漀昀?戀愀挀琀攀爀椀愀氀?搀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀?椀渀?昀甀氀氀?猀挀愀氀攀?愀渀愀洀洀漀砀?戀椀漀爀攀愀挀琀漀爀猀?漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀搀?甀渀搀攀爀?搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀?挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀???椀??椀漀琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀?倀爀漀最爀攀猀猀??椀????　?????????????????????戀爀?嬀???崀?娀栀愀渀最??娀??圀愀渀最?匀夀??倀攀渀最?夀娀???椀愀漀?????愀漀?吀???圀愀渀最?娀??匀琀愀爀琀?甀瀀?愀渀搀?挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀?漀昀?渀椀琀爀漀最攀渀?愀渀搀??伀??爀攀洀漀瘀愀氀?昀爀漀洀?洀愀琀甀爀攀?氀愀渀搀昀椀氀氀?氀攀愀挀栀愀琀攀?瘀椀愀???一伀一?瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀???椀??漀甀爀渀愀氀?漀昀??栀攀洀椀挀愀氀??渀搀甀猀琀爀礀?愀渀搀??渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最??椀????椀??栀椀渀愀??椀????　?????????????　????????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀????譥??謀????洀?????纂??豈????謀????一伀一穝??鹴?媖?荧???葭??鹒豛???　?????????????　???????戀爀?嬀???崀?圀攀琀琀?????攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀?愀渀搀?椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀?漀昀?愀?爀漀戀甀猀琀?搀攀愀洀洀漀渀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀?瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀???椀?圀愀琀攀爀?匀挀椀攀渀挀攀??愀洀瀀??吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀??椀????　　????????????????戀爀?嬀???崀?嘀氀愀攀洀椀渀挀欀?匀???吀攀爀愀搀愀????匀洀攀琀猀?????瘀愀渀?搀攀爀??椀渀搀攀渀?????漀漀渀?一??嘀攀爀猀琀爀愀攀琀攀?圀???愀爀戀愀氀氀愀????一椀琀爀漀最攀渀?爀攀洀漀瘀愀氀?昀爀漀洀?搀椀最攀猀琀攀搀?戀氀愀挀欀?眀愀琀攀爀?戀礀?漀渀攀?猀琀愀最攀?瀀愀爀琀椀愀氀?渀椀琀爀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀?愀渀搀?愀渀愀洀洀漀砀???椀??渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀?匀挀椀攀渀挀攀??愀洀瀀??吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀??椀????　　???????????　????　????戀爀?嬀???崀?夀愀渀最?夀??娀栀愀渀最?????愀渀?堀??娀栀愀渀最?匀???椀????倀攀渀最?夀???攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀?琀栀攀?漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀?戀漀甀渀搀愀爀礀?漀昀?愀?瀀椀氀漀琀?猀挀愀氀攀?猀椀渀最氀攀?猀琀愀最攀?瀀愀爀琀椀愀氀?渀椀琀爀椀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刘兰,明语真,吕爱萍,焦建宇,李文均. 厌氧氨氧化细菌的研究进展[J]. 微生物学报, 2021, 61(4): 969-986

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-10
  • 最后修改日期:2021-02-19
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-05-12
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