人类微孢子虫检测方法研究进展

Research progress in detection methods of human microsporidia

摘要:

微孢子虫（microsporidia）是一类专性细胞内寄生的单细胞真核生物。是引起微孢子虫病的真菌类病原。在已知并被命名的1500多种微孢子虫中，共有9个属中的17个虫种可以感染人。人类微孢子虫可侵染包括肠道、肝、肺、脑等部位，引起慢性腹泻、肝炎、角膜炎、脑炎、血液系统性感染等，严重影响人类健康。研究开发快速高效的人类微孢子虫诊断方法成为当前病原微生物检测领域研究的热点。人类微孢子虫的发现历史实际上是伴随检测方法的不断进步而逐渐进行的。这些检测方法包括，透射电镜（transmission electron microscopy）、苏木精-伊红染色（hematoxylin-eosin stain，HE）、亚甲蓝染色（methylene blue）、吉姆萨染色（giemsa）、革兰氏染色（gram stain）、韦伯氏改良三色染色法（Weber's chromotrope-based staining）、荧光增白剂染色法（calcofluor white staining）、抗原检测、抗体检测、实时荧光定量PCR（quantitative real-time PCR，qPCR）、环介导等温扩增（loop-mediated isothermal amplification，LAMP）、DNA点杂交模型等。随着技术的进步以及更多微孢子虫的检出，使人类能够更好地认识微孢子虫、并制定微孢子虫准确快速检测方法和防控策略。

Abstract:

Microsporidia is a type of obligate intracellular parasitic single-cell eukaryote. It is a fungal pathogen causing by microsporidiosis. More than 1500 microsporidians have been identified. Among them, 17 species in 9 genera can infect humans. Human microsporidia can infect the intestine, liver, lungs, brain and other parts, causing chronic diarrhea, hepatitis, keratitis, encephalitis and systemic infections. Exploration and development of rapid and efficient human microsporidia diagnostic methods are thus important for pathogenic microorganism detection. Conventional detection methods include transmission Hematoxylin-eosin stain (EM), Hematoxylin-eosin stain, Methylene blue, Giemsa, Gram stain, Weber's Chromotrope-based staining, Calcofluor White staining, microsporidian antigen, antibody detections, quantitative real-time PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification and DNA dot hybridization model. The development of detection methods would greatly aid the research of microsporidia infection and control.