槐糖脂的生物合成、发酵及分离纯化

Biosynthesis and downstream processing of biosurfactant sophorolipids

摘要:

槐糖脂是一类由酵母菌代谢生产的糖脂型生物表面活性剂，具有优越的表/界面活性和稳定性，且无毒、无刺激、易被生物降解，在众多领域具有良好的应用前景，被认为是最具潜力替代化学表面活性剂的生物表面活性剂之一。历经50余年的研究，槐糖脂的发酵生产工艺日趋成熟，但产品的分离纯化仍是难点。本文系统地综述了槐糖脂的结构、生物合成途径，重点关注近年来槐糖脂的发酵生产研究现状，以及分离纯化研究现状。并对槐糖脂的发酵生产和分离研究进行了展望，旨在促进槐糖脂的规模化生产与市场化发展。

Abstract:

Sophorolipids are glycolipids biosurfactants largely produced by various yeasts. They have excellent surface/interfacial activities and chemical stability even at extreme pH, temperature and salinity. More important, sophorolipids have many advantages over the chemical surfactants including non-toxic, non-irritating and easy-to-biodegrade, with many potential applications in many fields. Through the efforts made in the past five decades, the fermentation level of sophorolipids has been highly improved, but the downstream processing that counts for 60% to 80% of the total production cost, is still a challenge. This review highlights the properties and structures of sophorolipids, the biosynthesis pathway of sophorolipids, and the progress in fermentation and separation of sophorolipids in recent years. In addition, the prospects doe sophorolipids fermentation and separation towards their industrialization and commercialization are also addressed.