深部生物圈古菌的研究进展与展望

Research progresses and prospects of archaea in deep biosphere

摘要:

古菌作为深部生物圈中常见的原核生物，广泛分布于各类海洋沉积生境中，在沉积物生物地球化学循环中发挥着重要作用。由于不同的古菌类群对环境条件存在生理适应性差异，它们分别在近岸沿海和开阔大洋沉积物中构成了厌氧微生物生态系统和好氧微生物生态系统。本文通过对近岸与远洋、沉积物与上覆水体两个不同维度的古菌群落结构进行比较，以及对出现在深部生物圈中的常见古菌（奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota）、深古菌门（Bathyarchaeota）、底栖古菌目（Thermoprofundales）、Asgard古菌超级门、乌斯古菌门（Woesearchaeota））的分布、代谢和环境适应机制进行论述，总结了深部生物圈中古菌的研究进展，并在此基础上展望了几个未来研究的方向与重点。

Abstract:

As a common prokaryote in the deep subsurface biosphere, archaea are widely distributed in various marine sedimentary habitats and play important roles in the biogeochemical cycles. Due to the differences in physiological adaptabilities of different archaeal groups to environmental conditions, they constitute anaerobic microbial ecosystem and aerobic microbial ecosystem in coastal and open ocean sediments, respectively. In this paper, we compare the archaeal community structure in two different dimensions:nearshore and ocean, sediment and overlying water, and discuss the distribution, metabolism and environmental adaptation mechanism of common archaea (Thaumarchaeota, Bathyarchaeota, Thermoprofundales, Asgard, Woesearchaeota) in deep subsurface biosphere. We summary the research progresses of archaea in the deep subsurface biosphere. We also put forward several future research directions and key points of archaea for references.