微生物几丁质酶研究进展及其在N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖制备中的应用

Research progress of microbial chitinase and its application in the preparation of N-acetylglucosamine

摘要:

几丁质是自然界含量丰富的多糖，难溶于水，常被作为废弃物丢弃，造成资源浪费和环境污染。然而，其水解产物N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖（GlcNAc）是一种重要的功能氨糖类化合物，广泛应用于医药、保健及护肤品等领域，市场需求量大。因此，将几丁质转换为高附加值的GlcNAc具有重要意义。几丁质酶可专一性水解几丁质产生GlcNAc，用于GlcNAc的酶法制备，从而替代化学加工方法，降低环境污染，提高产品质量。本文介绍了微生物来源几丁质酶的特点与分类，重点阐述了微生物来源的几丁质内切酶、几丁二糖外切酶及β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶在几丁质降解生产GlcNAc过程中的作用、方式和产率，这将为酶法生产GlcNAc提供一定的借鉴。

Abstract:

Chitin is the second most abundant carbohydrate polymer in nature, but often discarded as wastes. N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), the final hydrolysate of chitin, is an important functional amino sugar compound that can be used in medicine, healthcare, and skin care products with a great demand. Therefore, it is of great significance to convert chitin to GlcNAc with high value added. Chitinase can specifically hydrolyze chitin to produce high value-added N-acetylglucosamine, to replace chemical processing strategy, thus reducing environmental pollution and improving product quality. This review briefly introduces specific features and classification of microbial chitinases. Then, the roles, mode and yield of endochitinase, chitobiosidase, and β-N-acetylglucosidase in the production of GlcNAc from chitin in recent years are elaborated, to provide references for enzymatic production of GlcNAc.