应激颗粒：细胞调控病毒感染的重要策略

Stress granules, an important strategy for cells to regulate viral infections

摘要:

真核细胞受到热休克、氧化应激、营养缺乏或者病毒感染等外界压力的刺激下会诱导一系列的应答反应，如形成应激颗粒（stress granule，SG），从而使细胞能更好地适应环境压力。SG作为胞浆中翻译起始复合物的聚集产物，在细胞的基因表达和稳态中发挥着重要的作用。病毒感染是诱导SG形成的条件之一，病毒侵入宿主细胞后会“借用”宿主的翻译机制完成自己的生命周期，宿主为了抵抗病毒的侵略而暂停翻译形成SG。本文对SG的产生及功能，SG与病毒的相互作用以及SG与病毒诱导的先天性免疫的关系等方面进行了综述，以期为进一步研究抗病毒策略提供方向。

Abstract:

Eukaryotic cells stimulated with external stresses such as heat shock, oxidative stress, nutrient deficiency or viral infections will induce a series of cellular responses, including stress granules (SGs), to facilitate the survival in the condition of environment stresses. As an aggregation product of translation initiation complex in cytoplasm, SGs play an important role in gene expression and homeostasis. Virus infection is one of the conditions that induces the production of SG. After the viruses invade the host cells, the host's translation system were hijacked by the viruses to fulfill its life cycle. Thus, host cells suspend the translation system and form the SGs to antagonize the invasion of viruses. This paper reviews the production and function of SG, the interaction between viruses and SGs, and the relationship between SGs and virus-induced innate immunity, in order to provide a direction for further research on antiviral targets.