伦茨菌属放线菌的研究进展

Recent advance on the genus Lentzea

摘要:

伦茨菌属（Lentzea）由Yassin等于1995年建立，是一个经典的丝状稀有放线菌类群，目前共包含23个有效描述种。伦茨菌的细胞壁含有meso-二氨基庚二酸，优势甲基萘醌成分为MK-9（H₄），磷酸类脂主要包括磷脂酰乙醇胺、双磷脂酸甘油、磷脂酰甘油和磷脂酰肌醇，基因组DNA的（G+C）含量为68.6 mol%–79.6 mol%。伦茨菌代谢产物具有显著的生物活性多样性，包括I型人体免疫缺损病毒整合酶的抑制活性、抗肿瘤活性、抗结核活性等，在生物医药研究领域逐步显示出潜在的应用价值。本课题组在研究贵州石灰岩风化壳放线菌多样性时分离获得若干株伦茨菌，采用多相分类方法研究Lentzea xinjiangensis DHS C013^T和Lentzea pudingi DHS C021^T两株菌的分类学地位，证实均为伦茨菌属的新物种。在此研究基础上，引用有关文献和最新研究成果，对伦茨菌属的建立、分类学特征、生态位和物种分布、功能基因组、天然活性产物应用开发等方面的研究进展进行了综述。

Abstract:

The genus Lentzea, established by Yassin et al in 1995, is a typical group of filamentous rare actinomycetes. This genus currently contains 23 valid species, and its typical taxonomic characteristics includes: meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall; MK-9(H₄) as the dominant menaquinone; the principal phosphate lipids include phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphotidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol; the G+C content of genomic DNA is 68.6 mol%–79.6 mol%. Metabolites from strains of the genus Lentzea have significant diversity of biological activities, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase inhibitory activity, anti-tumor activity, anti-tuberculosis activity and so on, gradually showing the potential application value in biopharmaceutical research. Our research group isolated several strains of the genus Lentzea during the study on actinobacterial biodiversity of limestone crust in Guizhou province, and Lentzea xinjiangensis DHS C013^T as well as Lentzea pudingi DHS C021^T were proposed as novel species of the genus using the polyphasic taxonomy methods. On the basis of our study, the relevant literatures and the latest research findings, this paper reviews the establishment and taxonomic characteristics of the genus Lentzea, ecological diversity, functional genome and application of natural active metabolites.