食药用真菌多糖对肿瘤免疫逃逸调节作用机制研究进展

Research progress on regulating tumor immune escape mechanism of edible and medicinal fungal polysaccharides

摘要:

食药用真菌多糖是食药用真菌的主要天然生物活性成分，可以从多层次、多靶点调节机体的免疫功能，被认为是一种天然免疫调节剂。此前食药用真菌多糖抗肿瘤机制研究集中在提升机体的免疫力达到抑制肿瘤的目的，但近年的研究表明它可以调节肿瘤微环境，恢复机体对肿瘤以及肿瘤微环境的监视能力，提升机体对肿瘤微环境的特异性免疫应答能力，进而达到充分发挥其抑制和杀伤肿瘤的功能。我们课题组前期研究中也发现食药用菌多糖可以正向调节肿瘤小鼠外周血免疫细胞数量，促进免疫细胞浸润到肿瘤微环境中帮助机体识别及杀伤肿瘤细胞，改善肿瘤微环境免疫状态。本文在我们团队的研究工作的基础上，结合国内外文献总结食药用真菌多糖作为免疫调节剂在抑制肿瘤免疫逃逸中的生物活性，结合肿瘤微环境探讨其与肿瘤免疫的关系、作用机制和在肿瘤治疗中的作用，以期为食药用真菌多糖免疫治疗提供新思路。

关键词:食药用真菌多糖;癌症;肿瘤细胞;免疫检查点;免疫逃逸

Abstract:

Polysaccharides are the main natural bioactive components of edible and medicinal fungi to regulate the immune function of the body from multi-level and multi-target. Early studies focus on the anti-tumor mechanism of edible and medicinal fungi polysaccharides by enhancing the immunity of the body to inhibit tumor cells. However, recent studies show that these polysaccharides can regulate the tumor microenvironment, restore the ability of monitoring tumor and tumor microenvironment, enhance tumor-antigen-specific immune responses ability of the body to the tumor microenvironment, so as to give to inhibit and kill tumor. Our previous studies also show that edible and medicinal fungi polysaccharides can positively increase the number of immune cells in the peripheral blood of tumor mice, promote the infiltration of immune cells into the tumor microenvironment, help the body recognize and kill tumor cells, regulate the tumor microenvironment. Here, we summarize the biological activity of edible and medicinal fungal polysaccharides as immunomodulators in inhibiting tumor immune escape, combined with the tumor microenvironment to discuss their relationship with tumor immunity, mechanism of action, and their role in tumor treatment, to provide new ideas for edible and medicinal fungal polysaccharide immunotherapy.

Key words:edible and medicinal fungal polysaccharides;cancer;tumor cells;immune checkpoint;immune escape