基于环境微生物资源库快速构建易腐垃圾高效堆肥复合菌剂

Fast-preparation of compost effective microorganisms (EM) for perishable garbage based Environmental Microbial Repository

摘要:

[目的] 针对易腐垃圾成分快速构建一种高效堆肥复合菌剂。[方法] 研究以"中国科学院战略生物资源服务网络计划"支持建设的微生物资源库为基础，根据菌株产酶活功能信息，针对易腐垃圾有机成分定向挑选出高产酶（蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、木质素酶、脂肪酶）菌株，通过测定菌株间拮抗作用，构建了一种高效堆肥复合菌剂CM菌剂。进行了菌剂发酵条件优化和易腐垃圾堆肥应用研究。[结果] CM菌剂最适发酵条件为接种7%的种子液于红糖培养基中，30℃下培养48 h，此时菌剂产生蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、木质素酶、脂肪酶酶活分别为181.76、52.92、1.57、12.81、9.94 U/mL。堆肥结果表明CM菌剂堆肥产品pH、含水率、有机质含量均满足生物有机肥标准（NY 884-2012）。CM菌剂堆肥过程中最高温度为63.5℃，高温期9-12 d，30 d后含水率为28.7%，有机质降解率为30.4%，C/N为8.93，与商品菌剂BM相比堆肥效果更好，可使堆体高温期延长4-7 d、含水率降低3.8%，可加快易腐垃圾中有机质降解，降解率提升6.2%，并具有更强的固氮能力，缩短腐熟时间，提升堆肥产品品质。[结论] 基于环境微生物资源库功能信息构建堆肥复合菌剂是一种快速有效的菌剂构建方法。

Abstract:

[Objective] Fast-preparation of effective microorganisms for perishable garbage compost.[Methods] Based on the Environmental Microbial Repository supported by the "Biological Resources Service Network Initiative", we selected excellent organic matters decomposition strains (protein, starch, cellulose, lignin, oil) according to microbial enzyme activity and perishable organic matters. The compost effective microorganisms (CM) were prepared according the antagonism between microbes. Subsequently, we studied the optimal fermentation condition of CM and the perishable garbage compost.[Results] The optimal fermentation condition for CM was inoculating 7% seed liquid in brown sugar medium and culturing for 48 h at 30℃. At this time, the activities of protease, amylase, cellulase, ligninase, and lipase in the fermentation solution were 181.76, 52.92, 1.57, 12.81, 9.94 U/mL, respectively. The pH, moisture content, and organic content of CM compost product meet the bioorganic fertilizer standard (NY 884-2012). The composting temperature of the CM group could reach 63.5℃ and maintain at the high temperature for 9-12 d, at the end of composting, the C/N, moisture content and organic matter degradation rate of CM compost product were 8.93, 28.7%, 30.4%. Compared with the control group, CM could accelerate the degradation of organic matters, and has a stronger nitrogen fixation capacity, shorten the decay time, improve the quality of compost products.[Conclusion]] It is a fast and effective method to prepare the effective microorganisms based on the Environmental Microbial Repository.