贵州紫云刺葡萄自然发酵中野生酿酒酵母基因型多样性分析

Genotype diversity analysis of indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae during spontaneous fermentations of Vitis davidii Föex in Ziyun, Guizhou

摘要:

[目的] 研究贵州紫云县刺葡萄自然发酵过程中野生酿酒酵母的基因型多样性，分析不同基因型酵母在不同发酵时期的动态变化，为优良酿酒酵母资源的开发利用提供理论依据。[方法] 采用Interdelta指纹图谱分析方法和微卫星分子标记法，研究贵州紫云县刺葡萄自然发酵中野生酿酒酵母的基因型多样性，并通过DPS软件分析不同基因型之间的遗传关系。[结果] 贵州紫云县刺葡萄自然发酵中共分离野生酿酒酵母75株，经Interdelta指纹图谱分析方法和微卫星分子标记法鉴定为10个基因型，其中基因型6、9、10、11、14、15、16为野生酿酒酵母独有的7个基因型，7、17和18为野生与商业酿酒酵母共有的3个基因型，此外，本研究所用其他商业酿酒酵母另有独有的9个基因型（1、2、3、4、5、8、12、13和19）。75株野生酿酒酵母中基因型17的占比最高为36%，其次为基因型10占比为13.3%。在自然发酵过程中不同基因型呈现此消彼长的变化，每一种基因型的菌株细胞密度在10⁴-10⁷ CFU/mL之间。[结论] 贵州紫云县刺葡萄自然发酵样品展现了丰富的酿酒酵母菌株基因型多样性，其中基因型10和17为主导基因型，该研究为贵州刺葡萄优良野生酿酒酵母资源的开发奠定了基础。

Abstract:

[Objective] The aim is to study the genotype diversity of indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from spontaneous fermentations of Vitis davidii Föex in Ziyun County of Guizhou Province, to analyze the dynamic changes of different S. cerevisiae genotypes at different fermentation periods, and to provide theoretical references for the industrial application of excellent S. cerevisiae resources. [Methods] We applied interdelta fingerprinting analysis and microsatellite marker analysis to study the genotype diversity of indigenous S. cerevisiae during spontaneous fermentations of Vitis davidii Föex in Ziyun County of Guizhou Province. DPS software was used to analyze the genetic relationship among different genotypes. [Results] We totally isolated 75 indigenous S. cerevisiae strains, and identified them into 10 genotypes by interdelta fingerprinting analysis and microsatellite marker analysis. Genotypes 6, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15 and 16 are the peculiar seven genotypes owned by indigenous S. cerevisiae strains. Genotypes 7, 17 and 18 are the mutual three genotypes owned by both indigenous and commercial S. cerevisiae strains. Furthermore, other commercial S. cerevisiae strains in the study showed nine other specific genotypes including genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12, 13 and 19. The genotype 17 took the highest proportion in the 75 isolates (36%) followed by the genotype 10 (13.3%). Different genotypes showed waxing and waning ratio changes during fermentations, and the cell density of each genotype varied among 10⁴-10⁷CFU/mL. [Conclusion] Spontaneous fermentation samples of Vitis davidii Föex in Ziyun County of Guizhou Province showed rich genotype diversity of S. cerevisiae strains. Genotypes 10 and 17 were the predominant S. cerevisiae genotypes. This study laid a basis for the development of excellent indigenous S. cerevisiae resources of Vitis davidii Föexin Guizhou Province.